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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

KEY FACTS Terminology Rare, acquired stem cell disorder that results in predisposition to complement-mediated hemolysis Commonly abbreviated as PNH You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Urolithiasis

KEY FACTS Imaging Calculi are uniformly dense, except matrix and indinavir stones Indinavir calculi: Soft tissue density; deduced from secondary findings (obstruction) Imaging pearl: In AIDS patient with flank pain and obstructed ureter without visible calculi, consider indinavir calculus CT findings Dense (several hundred Hounsfield units) foci in calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, or bladder Soft tissue rim sign: Ureteral wall edema surrounds stone Perinephric stranding: Inflammation/fluid…

Rhabdoid Tumor

KEY FACTS Terminology Rare, highly aggressive neoplasm in young children ~ 2% of pediatric renal tumors Extrarenal sites include CNS, soft tissues > liver, lung You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Mesoblastic Nephroma

KEY FACTS Terminology Hamartomatous renal tumor of young infants Classic benign vs. more aggressive cellular variants Studies vary on which type more common You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Wilms Tumor

KEY FACTS Terminology Malignant tumor of primitive metanephric blastema Accounts for 90% of pediatric renal tumors 80% of cases in children < 5 years old You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Renal Lymphoma

KEY FACTS Imaging CECT Multiple bilateral renal masses (40-60%) Homogeneous, mild enhancement (10-20 HU) Retroperitoneal adenopathy (25%), splenomegaly, or lymphadenopathy at other sites Infiltration of renal parenchyma or sinus with maintenance of reniform shape; may simulate transitional cell carcinoma Extranodal sites: Bowel, brain, liver, bone marrow MR T1: Iso- to slightly hypointense T2: Typically hypointense T1WI C+ FS: Mild enhancement US Solid, hypoechoic lesions relative to…

Collecting Duct Carcinoma

KEY FACTS Terminology Rare, aggressive neoplasm arising in renal medulla Synonym: Duct of Bellini carcinoma You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Medullary Carcinoma

KEY FACTS Terminology Highly aggressive, infiltrative malignancy arising in collecting duct You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Renal Cell Carcinoma

KEY FACTS Imaging 2% of sporadic renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are bilateral, and 16-25% of sporadic RCCs are multicentric in same kidney Exophytic: Projects from cortical surface, distinct from parenchyma Most are hypervascular (not papillary RCC) Rarely, small areas of fat attenuation (-80 to -120 HU) Combination of fat and calcification suggests RCC, not renal angiomyolipoma (AML) Renal venous (23%) and inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor…