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Congenital Megacalyces and Megaureter

KEY FACTS Terminology Megacalyces: Dilatation of calyces with normal-sized renal pelvis and ureter Megaureter: Enlarged ureter (diameter > 7 mm); 3 types Obstructing Refluxing Nonobstructing, nonrefluxing You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

KEY FACTS Terminology Functional or anatomic obstruction to urine flow from renal pelvis into ureter at their anatomic junction If left untreated, may result in symptoms, renal damage, or it may spontaneously resolve You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Renal Agenesis

KEY FACTS Terminology Congenital absence of functioning renal tissue Congenital abnormality of kidney and urinary tract You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Horseshoe Kidney

KEY FACTS Terminology Congenital anomaly in which kidneys are fused by isthmus at lower poles You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Renal Fetal Lobation

KEY FACTS Terminology Synonym: Fetal lobulation, persistent fetal lobulation Normal variant anatomy with indentations of renal surface caused by incomplete fusion of renal lobes You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Introduction to the Kidney, Renal Physiology, and Contrast

Imaging Anatomy The kidneys are bean-shaped, paired, retroperitoneal organs. The renal parenchyma has 2 major components: The cortex (outer portion) and the medulla (inner portion). The renal parenchyma is divided in multiple lobes (8-18), each of which is composed of medulla (pyramid) and cortex. Each pyramid drains into a minor calyx. Multiple (2-3) minor calyces converge into a major calyces. The renal pelvis, an extension of…

Adrenal Lymphoma

KEY FACTS Imaging CT: Mild enhancement of bilateral adrenal masses MR: T2-intense, T1-isointense (to muscle), bulky adrenal masses Ultrasound: Hypoechoic suprarenal lesions PET/CT: Hypermetabolic adrenal tumor You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Neuroblastoma, Adrenal/Retroperitoneal

KEY FACTS Terminology Malignant tumor of sympathetic chain primitive neural crest cells Increasing degrees of cellular differentiation/benignity along spectrum: Neuroblastoma (malignant) → ganglioneuroblastoma → ganglioneuroma (benign) Imaging Location Adrenal (35-48%) Extraadrenal retroperitoneum (25-35%) Posterior mediastinum (16-20%) Small round solitary mass vs. large multilobulated lesion Aggressive tumor with tendency to invade adjacent tissues Frequently engulfs & displaces adjacent vascular structures (rather than just displacing) Ca²⁺ in up…