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Renal Angiomyolipoma (AML)

KEY FACTS Terminology Benign renal tumor composed of abnormal blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose components Imaging Most common benign renal neoplasm 80% are incidental findings on imaging 90% are unilateral and solitary: Usually not associated with tuberous sclerosis (TSC) 10% are multiple and bilateral: Usually due to TSC 80% of TSC patients have renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) Solid, heterogeneous, renal cortical mass in adult with macroscopic…

Localized Cystic Renal Disease

KEY FACTS Terminology Benign nonneoplastic proliferation of cysts, usually within normally functioning kidney You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Lithium Nephropathy

KEY FACTS Terminology Spectrum of functional and structural renal damage caused by lithium ingestion Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and chronic renal insufficiency are most common presentations You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

von Hippel-Lindau Disease

KEY FACTS Terminology Hereditary, autosomal dominant disease affecting several organs and associated with multiple neoplasms You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Renal Cyst

KEY FACTS Terminology Fluid-filled renal lesion Imaging Bosniak classification Imaging-based classification of renal cystic lesions – Class I: Benign cysts – Class II: Minimally complicated cysts; benign – Class IIF: Requires CT/MR imaging follow-up – Class III: More complicated cysts; usually managed surgically (biopsy controversial) – Class IV: Malignant lesions; require surgery Simple cyst US: Simple, uncomplicated cyst; spherical or ovoid, anechoic content, sharply defined, imperceptible…

Pyonephrosis

KEY FACTS Terminology Infection of obstructed renal collecting system You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Renal Abscess

KEY FACTS Terminology Localized collection of pus due to suppurative necrosis in kidney You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Emphysematous Pyelonephritis

KEY FACTS Imaging Best imaging tool: CT CT findings Intraparenchymal gas ± perirenal extension ± renal or perirenal fluid collections Classification systems based on distribution of gas and fluid collections Ultrasound findings Nondependent echogenic foci in renal parenchyma &/or collecting system "Dirty shadowing"; ring-down artifacts You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are…

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis

KEY FACTS Terminology Chronic infection of kidney and surrounding tissues characterized by destruction of renal parenchyma and replacement by lipid-laden macrophages You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Chronic Pyelonephritis/Reflux Nephropathy

KEY FACTS Terminology Renal scarring and atrophy secondary to multiple episodes of acute pyelonephritis during early childhood Most cases are secondary to vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Renal Lymphangiomatosis

KEY FACTS Terminology Developmental malformation resulting in cystic mass in perirenal and peripelvic area You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here