Pediatric neuroimaging is a distinct subspecialty. Anatomic areas in neuroimaging include the skull, brain, orbits, face and sinuses, neck, and spine. At many children's hospitals, dedicated neuroradiologists perform and interpret all of the neuroimaging. The large amount of information included in…
Normal Variants and Common Benign Entities More than in any other organ system, the normal imaging appearance of the skeletal system is strikingly different in children as compared to adults ( Fig. 7-1 ). This is related to the changing appearance…
Imaging Modalities Renal Ultrasound Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder is the first-line imaging modality for most suspected anomalies of the urinary tract. Renal ultrasound (US) is usually performed with the patient in both the supine and prone positions. Transverse…
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an idiopathic enterocolitis that predominantly involves the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of premature infants. The majority of cases occur in low birth weight infants (BW < 1500 g) and those born less than 32 weeks…
Imaging Modalities in Congenital Heart Disease Multiple imaging modalities are used to define the morphology, vascular connections, and function of the heart in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Such modalities include radiography, echocardiography, nuclear scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT), magnetic…
The chest radiograph is one of the most commonly obtained examinations in pediatric imaging. It is also the examination most likely to be encountered by radiology residents, pediatric residents, general radiologists, and pediatricians. In this chapter, topics such as chest…
Signs and symptoms referable to the airway are much more common in children than in adults. For practical purposes, abnormalities of the airway can be divided into acute upper airway obstruction, lower airway obstruction (extrinsic compression, intrinsic obstruction), obstructive sleep…
Pediatric Radiology as a Potential Career A powerful and fulfilling aspect of becoming a pediatric healthcare provider is the satisfaction that comes from working with and for children. Few activities are more rewarding than helping children and their families. The…
In the United States, more than than 30 million (approximately one-third) of school-aged children participate in organized sports. Sports-related injuries occur more frequently in the lower extremities compared with the upper extremities. This section will review acute and chronic sports…
Overview Radiology played a major role in defining child abuse as a medical entity, most notably with the landmark publications by Caffey (1946) and Silverman (1953). Silverman also contributed to Kempe's 1962 paper, “The Battered Child,” which demonstrated the prevalence…