First Trimester General Reference All ages in this section refer to the menstrual age or gestational age (GA) based on the last menstrual period (LMP) and not the embryonic age based on day of conception. A 4-week pregnancy by the…
Mammography Mammography Techniques Mammography is primarily a screening and not a diagnostic tool. The mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) views are standard screening views, whereas additional views described below are used mainly for diagnostic evaluation of lesions. Mammographic Views…
Techniques General Preprocedure Evaluation 1 What is the indication for the procedure? Diagnosis Preoperative staging Therapy 2 Define the problem. What is the diagnostic question that is to be answered? Which study can best answer the question (ultrasound [US], computed…
Temporal Bone General The temporal bone is divided into five portions: Mastoid (posterolateral part that includes the mastoid process: attachment for sternocleidomastoid and other muscles) Petrous portion (pyramidal-shaped medial part; inner ear structures, internal auditory canal [IAC], petrous apex) Squamous…
Imaging Anatomy Parenchymal Anatomy Lobar Anatomy ( Fig. 6.1 ) Frontal lobe: anterior to central sulcus (CS) (Rolando) Parietal lobe: posterior to CS Temporal lobe: inferior to lateral sulcus (Sylvius) Occipital lobe: posterior Limbic lobe Central (insular lobe) Basal Ganglia…
Trauma General Fracture FRACTURE SYNOPSIS Fracture Finding Spine Jefferson Ring fracture of C1 Hangman's Bilateral pedicle or pars fractures of C2 Teardrop (flexion) Unstable flexion fracture Clay-shoveler's Avulsion fracture of spinous process lower cervical, high thoracic spine Chance Horizontal fracture…
Kidneys General Anatomy The kidneys, renal pedicle, and adrenal glands are located in the perirenal space, which is bound by the anterior and posterior renal fascia (Gerota fascia; for anatomy, see the section Retroperitoneum ). Renal Pedicle ( Fig. 4.1…
Esophagus General Anatomy Normal Esophageal Contour Deformities ( Fig. 3.1 ) Cricopharyngeus Postcricoid impressions (mucosal fold over vein) Aortic impression Left mainstem bronchus (LMB) Left atrium (LA) Diaphragm Peristaltic waves Mucosa: thin transient transverse folds: feline esophagus (vs. thick folds…
Cardiac Imaging Techniques Plain Radiograph Interpretation Normal Plain Radiograph Anatomy Posteroanterior View ( Fig. 2.1 ) Right cardiac margin has three segments: Superior vena cava (SVC) Right atrium (RA) Inferior vena cava (IVC) Left cardiac margin has four segments: Aortic…
4.1 Introduction Comprehensive acceptance testing and commissioning of new equipment are the foundations for the safe implementation of new technology in a Radiation Oncology department. Once the unit is in clinical use, a routine quality assurance (QA) program must be…