Imaging Anatomy Gross Lung Anatomy Segmental Anatomy ( Figs. 1.1 – 1.2 ) Right Lung Upper lobe Apical B1 Anterior B2 Posterior B3 Middle lobe Lateral B4 Medial B5 Lower lobe Superior B6 Medial basal B7 Anterior basal B8 Lateral…
3.1 Introduction In-vivo dosimetry is used clinically to verify during treatment how accurately the planned dose is delivered to the patient. While American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TG-62, Diode In-Vivo Dosimetry for Patients Receiving External Beam Radiation Therapy,…
2.1 Introduction Since the basic physics of dosimetry for radiation beams is extensively covered in textbooks on radiotherapy physics, this chapter will focus on the measurement of dosimetry data in clinical practice. There are two main goals in measuring relative…
1.1 Introduction The key to the accurate delivery of radiation is the ability to establish the absolute dose delivered. In radiation therapy clinical practice the primary tool used to measure absorbed dose is the ion chamber. The use of ion…
Introduction Muscle is probably one of the most difficult tissues in the musculoskeletal system to assess with ultrasound. There are a variety of reasons for this, including the complex anatomy of the structures involved, the isotopic nature of muscle, the…
Introduction Ultrasound machines with high-resolution probes are readily available in most radiology departments and are routinely used to assess both articular and periarticular disorders. They are also becoming commonplace in rheumatology departments, reflecting the important role they now play in…
Introduction Soft tissue masses of the musculoskeletal system are extremely common. The vast majority of lesions are benign and in many of these cases malignancy can be excluded from the history and examination without resort to imaging. Key Point Because…
Shoulder Intervention Subacromial Subdeltoid Bursa Injection Patient and Probe Position Ultrasound-guided injections provide more reliable and accurate needle placement which is particularly useful to assess the diagnostic response to local anaesthethic in patients with a poor response to a previous…
Introduction The superficial location of many musculoskeletal structures makes them readily amenable to injection therapy and many unguided injections are carried out in the office or ward setting. Large superficial structures are easily targeted, although success will vary with the…
Introduction The foot can be divided into three compartments according to the bony anatomy: the forefoot (comprising the metatarsals and phalanges, the midfoot (the cuneiforms, cuboid and navicular) and the hindfoot (calcaneus and talus). Midfoot pain and metatarsalgia are common…