Introduction CT has become an indispensable part of diagnostic imaging in recent times. With the help of the money that the Beatles’ records made for Electrical and Music Industries (EMI), Nobel Laureate Sir Godfrey Hounsfield invented CT in 1972, a…
■ Conventional Chest X-Ray The chest radiograph is the most common radiographic procedure performed in the imaging department and is the initial imaging modality in a patient presenting with thoracic symptoms. The basic techniques of chest radiography have not changed…
■ Introduction Heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Noninvasive imaging plays a role in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of heart disease. Hence, radiologists can increase the clinical utility of their imaging reports and consultations…
▪ Introduction Various imaging techniques are used in the assessment of the normal anatomy and pathology of the heart and great vessels. Chest radiography is the most commonly used modality and is often the first imaging test used in the…
■ Introduction The mediastinum, chest wall, and diaphragm can be evaluated by multiple imaging modalities, such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The chest radiograph is often the initial imaging modality used in the evaluation of…
▪ Introduction The lungs incorporate the parenchyma, vasculature, bronchial tree (trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles), and a network of investing connective tissue that supports and connects the structures to one another. The human lungs are a pair of large spongy organs…
X-Ray Physics Production of X-Rays X-Ray Tube ( Fig. 14.1 ) An x-ray tube is an energy converter receiving electrical energy and producing heat and X-rays. For a diagnostic x-ray tube operating at 100 peak kilovoltage (kVp), the production of…
X-Ray Contrast Agents Iodinated Contrast Agents Classification Iodinated contrast agents can be classified based on osmolarity (high, low, or iso) and ionitiy (ionic or nonionic). A variety of iodinated contrast agents have been developed and are distributed by different manufacturers.…
Pulmonary Imaging Radiopharmaceuticals Pulmonary scintigraphy uses ventilation agents and/or perfusion agents, depending on the specific imaging task. Overview Agent Half-life Main Energy Collimator Comments Ventilation 133 Xe 5.2 days 81 Low Inexpensive; washout images helpful 99m Tc DTPA aerosol 6 hr…
Respiratory Tract Upper Airway Approach Inspiratory stridor is the most common indication for radiographic upper airway evaluation. The main role of imaging is to identify conditions that need to be treated emergently and/or surgically (e.g., epiglottitis, foreign bodies). Technique: 1…