Introduction Due to the superficial location of many of the structures that contribute to medial sided symptoms, ultrasound plays an important role in their assessment. Abnormalities of the medial tendons predominate, but disorders of the neurovascular structures, ligaments and even…
Introduction The most common indications for an ultrasonographic examination of the lateral aspect of the ankle are suspicion of peroneal tendon pathology or lesions of the lateral ligament complex. Patients with ligament injuries are generally examined in a chronic phase…
Tendons Tibialis Anterior Anatomy The tibialis anterior tendon is the strongest of the anterior ankle tendons. Its parent muscle arises from the upper two-thirds of the lateral aspect of the tibia. It has a high musculotendinous junction and a strong…
Introduction The most common symptoms leading to an ultrasound examination of the posterior ankle region are those associated with disorders of the Achilles tendon or the plantar aponeurosis (heel pain and/or swelling). In an acute setting, ultrasound is most often…
Introduction Ultrasound examination of the ankle and foot is one of the most common examinations in musculoskeletal ultrasound. The superficial location of most structures means that ultrasound plays an important role in the management of many patients with painful conditions…
Introduction Ultrasound has an important role to play in the investigation of pathology relating to the knee. However, it is important to recognize it has significant limitations, particularly with regard to the demonstration of intraarticular pathology involving structures such as…
Overview As with other larger joints, ultrasound is most useful when the patient's symptoms are localized to a relatively specific area. More diffuse symptoms suggest internal derangement due to meniscal, cruciate and cartilage injuries. These are diagnosed by MRI with…
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a disorder where under development of the acetabulum leads to reduced femoral head coverage which, in turn, predisposes to acetabular labral abnormalities and early cartilage disease. If uncorrected,…
Introduction Lateral and posterior hip pain may be due to variety of intra- and extraarticular conditions. Ultrasound is a useful image modality for rapid assessment of extraarticular soft tissue abnormalities, many of which are tendon or muscle related. Certain specific…
Introduction The hip region is an area of complex anatomy with numerous vascular, nervous and muscular structures passing between the trunk and the lower extremity. Conditions remote to the hip joint may present as pain in the groin. Clinical examination…