Soft tissue tumors are among the most difficult neoplasms to diagnose. Often special studies (e.g., immunoperoxidase studies, fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH], or cytogenetics) are required for the appropriate classification of these tumors and for reliable separation from carcinomas, melanomas,…
. . The majority of penile carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas arising in the glans (~50%), foreskin/prepuce (~20%; mucosal surface more commonly involved than outer surface), coronal sulcus (~5%), or, rarely, in other sites ( Fig. 27.1 ). About one-third…
## ## The adrenal medullary paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, is discussed in Chapter 8 . The extra-adrenal paragangliomas are classified according to their location and site of origin, which corresponds to the paravertebral sympathetic chain: Abdominal extra-adrenal paragangliomas Organ of Zuckerkandl Urinary…
## ## Neuropathology cases include all brain and spinal cord specimens, pituitary glands, muscle and nerve biopsies, and eyes. RELEVANT CLINICAL HISTORY In addition to age and gender, clinical history is often necessary or helpful for the evaluation of neuropathology…
All foreign material removed from within human tissue is generally sent for pathologic evaluation and documentation. These can include objects introduced due to trauma (e.g., bullets or shrapnel) or for medical treatment (e.g., implanted ventricular assist devices). Medical devices temporarily…
## ## These organs are affected by a wide variety of neoplastic, infectious, and systemic diseases. These diseases can also arise in extranodal sites. RELEVANT CLINICAL HISTORY In addition to age and gender, clinical history is often necessary or helpful…
## Non-neoplastic diseases of the lung are usually diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsies, and open lung biopsies. In institutions with lung transplant programs, chronically diseased recipient lungs (explants) are also submitted for examination and these patients are monitored by…
Hernia sacs are common surgical specimens derived from the frequent repair of inguinal, femoral, abdominal, and umbilical hernias. The sacs usually consist of a small portion of fibroconnective tissue lined by mesothelial tissue. A hernia sac is essentially a biopsy…
Head and neck specimens are often challenging due to the numerous complex structures and the variety of disease processes that involve them. Sinus Contents Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is used as a treatment for patients with chronic sinusitis who…
Gynecologic specimens are removed for a wide variety of both benign and malignant lesions. Uterus RELEVANT CLINICAL HISTORY In addition to age, clinical history is often necessary or helpful for the interpretation of specimens from the uterus ( Table 19.1…