Because of its anatomical and functional complexity, the liver is involved in as many primary hepatic disorders as extrahepatic or systemic problems. It is always important to think ‘out of the organ’ when dealing with tumours and tumour-like lesions of…
## Drug-induced liver injury: a penalty for progress. Hans Popper, MD Importance of drug-induced hepatic injury Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) represents a spectrum of acute and chronic forms of hepatic injury that can mimic virtually any liver disease. The diagnosis…
Vascular diseases of the liver are less common than other liver diseases, such as hepatitides, cholestatic diseases and alcoholic/nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, but are gaining increasing recognition because of the improved diagnosis of these other diseases, as well as the…
CHAPTER CONTENTS Normal gallbladder 644 Macroanatomy 644 Microanatomy 645 Immunohistochemistry 646 Embryology 646 Physiology 647 Routine specimen processing 647 Congenital anomalies 647 Gallstones 648 Epidemiology 648 Cholesterol gallstones 648 Pigmented gallstones 648 Clinical features and treatment 649 Complications 650 Hydrops…
. This chapter covers the different diseases in which there is injury to the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts ( Box 9.1 ). The disorders are varied; some, although selectively affecting the bile ducts, are discussed in more detail elsewhere…
CHAPTER CONTENTS Definition 527 Epidemiology 527 Demographic features 528 Elderly patients 528 Pathogenesis 528 Genetic predisposition 529 Triggering factors 529 Humoral immune response 529 Cellular immune response 530 Immune regulation and dysregulation 531 Clinical features 532 Asymptomatic presentation 532 Acute…
## Within the past century, pandemic infections, including the 1918 influenza pandemic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), H1N1 ‘swine’ influenza, Zika virus and, at the time of writing, SARS-CoV-2, remind us how the ease and frequency of worldwide…
CHAPTER CONTENTS Acute viral hepatitis 402 Clinical features 402 Pathological features 403 Evolution of the lesion 409 Differential diagnosis of acute hepatitis 409 Sequelae of acute hepatitis 411 Chronic viral hepatitis 411 Clinical features 411 Multiple chronic viral infections 412…
Spectrum of fatty liver disease Thomas Addison, known for his description of the eponymous disease, was the first to use the term ‘fatty liver’ in the English medical literature in 1836, most likely referring to alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). Three…
CHAPTER CONTENTS Iron metabolism and homeostasis 295 Iron absorption and transport 295 Regulation of iron homeostasis 296 Hereditary iron overload 299 Hereditary haemochromatosis 299 Ferroportin disease 306 Hereditary hyperferritinaemia 307 Atransferrinaemia/hypotransferrinaemia 307 Acaeruloplasminaemia 308 Miscellaneous iron overload 308 Neonatal haemochromatosis…