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Sickle Cell Disease, Acute Chest Syndrome

KEY FACTS Terminology New pulmonary opacity on chest radiograph + ≥ 1 additional symptom (such as fever, cough, sputum production, tachypnea, dyspnea, or hypoxia) in setting of sickle cell disease (SCD) Imaging Upper & middle lobe opacities more common in children Lower lobe disease more common in adults Initial chest radiograph may be normal (46%) Opacity may not appear until 2-3 days after symptoms develop Opacities…

Cystic Fibrosis, Pulmonary

KEY FACTS Terminology Autosomal recessive multisystem disorder caused by dysfunctional chloride ion transport across epithelial surfaces → thickening of secretions (e.g., mucus, digestive fluids, sweat) In lungs, abnormal mucus & degraded WBCs → chronic airway impaction → recurrent inflammation & infections → chronic airway damage (in progressively worsening cycle) Imaging Most common in upper lobes, superior lower lobes Peribronchial thickening (early finding) Mosaic attenuation due to…