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Vesicoureteral Reflux

KEY FACTS Terminology Retrograde flow of urine from bladder toward 1 or both kidneys Imaging International Reflux Study Committee grading system of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) I: Reflux into ureter but not reaching renal pelvis II: Reflux reaching pelvis without blunting of calyces III: Mild calyceal blunting IV: Progressive calyceal & ureteral dilation V: Very dilated & tortuous collecting system ± intrarenal reflux as modifier to grade…

Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

KEY FACTS Imaging Marked pelvocaliectasis that ends abruptly at ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) with normal caliber ureter downstream Dilated calyces relatively uniform in size & distribution; all connect centrally to disproportionately dilated pelvis Thinned but otherwise intact renal parenchyma Severity of delayed nephrogram, excretion, & collecting system drainage (on IVP, CECT, MRU, or nuclear renal scan) depends on degree of obstruction Contrast entering dilated collecting system (by…

Approach to Pediatric Genitourinary Tract

Genitourinary Tract Imaging Modalities Radiographs Plain radiographs are rarely utilized in the evaluation of the pediatric GU tract due to their low sensitivity for GU pathology. Associated pathologic calcifications may be incidentally detected, including urinary tract calculi, teratomas (which may resemble a tooth), & remote adrenal hemorrhages. Ultrasound is typically the next step in each of these scenarios. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree…

Bezoar

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