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Congenital Arterial Anastomosis

CASE A Incidentally noted imaging finding. Ax , axial; CT , computed tomography; CTA , CT angiography; MIP , maximum intensity projection; PTA, persistent trigeminal artery; Recon , reconstruction; RICA, right internal carotid artery. Open full size image CASE B Incidentally noted imaging finding. Ax , axial; Cor , coronal; CTA , computed tomography angiography; MRA , magnetic resonance angiography; Recon , reconstruction. Open full size…

Leukodystrophies

CASE A A 6-month-old presenting with hyperirritability, increased muscular tone, fever, and developmental arrest. Ax , axial; Cor , coronal. (Courtesy Christopher Filippi, MD.) Open full size image CASE B This patient had normal development until 6 years of age and then experienced rapid onset of dementia, progressive neurologic decline, and adrenal insufficiency. Ax , axial; FLAIR , fluid attenuated inversion recovery. Open full size image…

Holoprosencephaly

CASE A A 1-day-old male infant with dysmorphic features; Ax, axial; Sag, sagittal. Open full size image CASE B A 4-month-old female infant with microcephaly. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; Sag, sagittal. Open full size image CASE C A 40-year-old man with a history of hypogonadism. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; Sag, sagittal. Open full size image CASE D A 4-year-old boy with developmental delay. Ax, axial; Cor,…

Occipital Cephalocele

CASE A A 25-week-old gestational age fetus with cystic enlargement of the kidneys. Ax, axial; U/S, ultrasound. Open full size image CASE B A 19-week-old gestational age fetus with fetal abnormalities. Ax, axial; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; Sag, sagittal; U/S, ultrasound. Open full size image CASE C A 35-week-old gestational age fetus with ocular abnormalities. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; Sag, sagittal. Open…

Midline Posterior Fossa Extraaxial Cystic Lesions

CASE A A 9-year-old boy presenting with headaches and nausea. Ax, axial; Sag, sagittal. Open full size image CASE B An 18-year-old woman with a history of occipital surgery in early childhood now presenting with chronic daily headaches. Ax, axial; Sag, sagittal. Open full size image CASE C A 10-year-old boy with history of developmental delay. Sag, sagittal. Open full size image CASE D Magnetic resonance…

Pediatric Extraaxial Posterior Fossa Tumors

CASE A An 8-month-old child presenting with torticollis and nystagmus. Ax , axial; Cor , coronal. Open full size image CASE B A 10-year-old child presenting with torticollis. ADC , apparent diffusion coefficient; Ax , axial; FS , fat saturated. Open full size image CASE C A 6-year-old girl presenting with a 2-year history of nystagmus and headaches. Ax , axial; DWI , diffusion-weighted imaging. Open…

Pediatric Cerebellar Tumors

CASE A An 11-year-old girl presenting with a 2-year history of nystagmus and headaches for 1 month. Ax , axial; ADC , apparent diffusion coefficient; Cor , coronal. Open full size image CASE B A 6-year-old boy presenting with a 2-week history of headaches. Ax , axial; Cor , coronal. Open full size image CASE C A 15-year-old boy presenting with leg weakness and headaches. ADC…

Intraventricular Posterior Fossa Tumors

CASE A An 8-year-old boy presented with vomiting after being hit on the head. ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; CT, computed tomography. Open full size image CASE B A 6-year-old boy with ataxia and diplopia. ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; CISS, constructive interference in steady state. Open full size image CASE C A 12-year-old child presenting with a 6-month history of peripheral ataxia. Ax, axial; Sag, sagittal. Open…

Retropharyngeal Space

CASE A A 42-year-old woman with a sore swollen throat, dysphagia, fever, and chills for 2 days presented to the emergency department, saying, “It feels like I have a baseball in my throat.” Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; CT , computed tomography; Sag, sagittal. Open full size image CASE B A 52-year-old woman who recently underwent anterior spinal fusion at C5-C6 complicated by deep venous thrombosis and…

Bilateral Parotid Masses

CASE A Images of a 39-year-old man ( A, computed tomography [ CT ]) and a 30-year-old man ( B and C, magnetic resonance imaging) with incidental parotid lesions. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; SPGR, spoiled gradient. Open full size image CASE B A 54-year-old woman ( A, computed tomography [ CT ]) and a 39-year-old woman ( B and C, magnetic resonance imaging) with chronic dry…

Solitary Parotid Masses

CASE A A 20-year-old woman with a gradually enlarging right parotid mass. Ax , axial; FS , fat saturated. Open full size image CASE B A 74-year-old man with a history of smoking presenting with a nontender left parotid mass. Ax , axial; Cor , coronal; FS , fat saturated. Open full size image CASE C A 67-year-old man presenting with an enlarging right preauricular mass.…

Nasal Cavity Lesions

CASE A A 13-year-old boy presenting with epistaxis. CT, computed tomography; FS, fat saturated. Open full size image CASE B A 62-year-old man presenting with epistaxis. Open full size image CASE C A 73-year-old man presenting with chronic sinusitis. CT, computed tomography. Open full size image CASE D A 51-year-old man presenting with persistent nasal congestion. CT, computed tomography. Open full size image CASE E A…

Lacrimal Gland

CASE A A 37-year-old woman presenting with blurred vision and a bulging left eye for the past 2 months. Ax , axial; CT , computed tomography. Open full size image CASE B A 59-year-old man presenting with ptosis of the right eye and an irregular superior orbital rim. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; CT, computed tomography. Open full size image CASE C A 76-year-old woman presenting with a…

Dilated Superior Ophthalmic Vein/Asymmetric Cavernous Sinus Enhancement

CASE A A 76-year-old woman presenting with diplopia, left-sided visual loss, left eye ptosis, and exophthalmos. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; CT, computed tomography; CTA, CT angiography. Open full size image CASE B A 51-year-old woman presenting with headache and swelling of the left eye. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; CT, computed tomography; CTA, CT angiography. Open full size image DESCRIPTION OF FINDINGS Case A: Noncontrast head CT…

Optic Nerve Mass

CASE A A 6-year-old boy presenting with decreased vision in the left eye. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; FS, fat suppressed. STIR, short T1 inversion recovery. Open full size image CASE B A 6-year-old boy presenting with decreased vision in the right eye. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; FS, fat suppressed. Open full size image CASE C A 24-year-old woman presenting with blurred vision. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal;…

Jugular Foramen Lesions

CASE A An 18-year-old woman who fell from a tree presents with a mass found incidentally. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; CT, computed tomography; FS, fat saturated. Open full size image CASE B A 23-year-old man presenting with dizziness and a 6-month history of decreased right-sided hearing. Ax, axial; Cor, coronal; CT, computed tomography; FS, fat saturated. Open full size image CASE C A 62-year-old woman with…

Lytic/Cystic Mandibular Lesions

CASE A A 33-year-old asymptomatic man with cystic lucency found on routine dental radiographs. Ax , axial; CT , computed tomography; Sag , sagittal. Open full size image CASE B A 31-year-old man with right lower mandible pain for 2 months. Ax , axial; CT , computed tomography; Sag , sagittal. Open full size image CASE C A 20-year-old man presenting with progressive swelling of the…

Lesions of the Facial Nerve

CASE A A 51-year-old man presenting with facial weakness and sensorineural hearing loss. CT, computed tomography. Open full size image CASE B A 39-year-old woman presenting with otalgia and facial palsy. CT, computed tomography. Open full size image CASE C A 67-year-old man with a parotid malignancy and progressive facial paralysis. CT, computed tomography. Open full size image DESCRIPTION OF FINDINGS Case A: CT of the…

Middle Ear

CASE A A 39-year-old woman presenting with pulsatile tinnitus. Ax , axial; Cor , coronal; CT, computed tomography. Open full size image CASE B A 33-year-old woman presenting with pulsatile tinnitus. Ax , axial; Cor , coronal; CT, computed tomography. Open full size image CASE C A 27-year-old woman presenting with otalgia and pulsatile tinnitus. Ax , axial; Cor , coronal; CT, computed tomography. Open full…

External Auditory Canal

CASE A A 35-year-old man presenting with otalgia, otorrhea, and mild conductive hearing loss. Ax , axial; Cor , coronal; NCCT, noncontrast computed tomography. Open full size image CASE B A patient with bilateral chronically draining ears. Ax , axial; Cor , coronal; NCCT, noncontrast computed tomography. Open full size image CASE C A 30-year-old patient with narrowing of the external canals bilaterally. Ax , axial;…