Definition The presence of atypical stromal cells in an otherwise unremarkable bladder Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Inflammatory cystitis characterized by the presence of lymphoid follicles with germinal center formation within the lamina propria Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition An exophytic reactive lesion forming broad-based polypoid or finger-like papillary structures Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Benign proliferation of glandular epithelium in urinary tract mucosa, most frequently found in the urinary bladder, which are thought to derive from metaplasia of the urothelium, implantation of shed renal tubular epithelium, or both Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Replacement of the urothelium, either in the surface or in the glandular elements of cystitis glandularis, by colonic-type mucosa (goblet cells) Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Metaplastic process in which the normal urothelium is replaced by either keratinizing or nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium Clinical features Epidemiology More common in women than men Typically affects older adults Often a response to urothelial injury (e.g., chronic infection, indwelling catheter, calculi, neurogenic bladder, Schistosoma spp. infection) Nonkeratinizing, glycogenated squamous metaplasia of the trigone is seen in up to 90% of adult women and is…
Definition Proliferative or reactive changes occurring in von Brunn nests, which become cystically dilated and acquire a luminal space (cystitis cystica) or undergo further glandular metaplasia (cystitis glandularis) Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Reactive proliferative change in the form of solid urothelial nests beneath urothelium, seen along the entire urinary tract, considered a variant of the normal urothelial histology, and may also occur as a result of local inflammation. Clinical features Epidemiology One of the most common nonneoplastic urothelial proliferations Present in 85% of urinary bladders in autopsy series You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership…
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Definition Tumor originating in the seminal vesicle with neoplastic stromal and epithelial component Also reported as epithelial-stromal tumor, cystic epithelial-stromal tumor, cystadenoma, cystomyoma, mesenchymoma, Müllerian adenosarcoma-like tumor, phyllodes tumor, or cystosarcoma phyllodes Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Adenocarcinoma arising in the seminal vesicle and recapitulating its architecture and immunoprofile Epidemiology Exceedingly rare You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Bilateral localized and isolated amyloid deposits in the subepithelial region of the seminal vesicles and ejaculatory systems (senile seminal vesicle amyloid) Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Paired male accessory sex glands; produce an alkaline secretion known to constitute the bulk of the ejaculate, promote sperm function, and provide an assortment of potent antibacterial factors to the male genital tract. Seminal vesicles develop as outpouchings of the lower mesonephric ducts. Coiled tubular structures are located along the posterolateral aspect of the external surface of the base of the urinary bladder, superior to…
Definition Metastatic adenocarcinomas to the prostate are secondary adenocarcinomas that have spread to the prostate gland via angiolymphatic invasion. More commonly, adenocarcinomas from contiguous organs (e.g., bladder and colorectum) directly invade the prostate. Clinical features Epidemiology Distant metastases to the prostate from adenocarcinomas arising in noncontiguous organs (e.g., the lung) are exceptionally rare in clinical specimens. They are typically noted only with disseminated disease at autopsy…
Definition Inability to identify residual cancer in the final surgical specimen, despite complete sampling in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for biopsy-confirmed prostate carcinoma Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Prostate cancer genetics Prostate carcinoma is a multifactorial disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Positive family history is the strongest epidemiological risk factor after advancing age and ethnic background. Prostate carcinoma can be divided into three groups: hereditary, familial, and sporadic; up to 85% of all prostate cancers are sporadic and only 10%–15% are genetically determined. Hereditary prostate cancer, compatible with Mendelian inheritance criteria,…
Definition The objective of staging is to group malignancies with a similar prognosis and therapeutic approach to be able to compare clinicopathologic data on a homogeneous patient population. Staging involves determining the anatomic extent or spread of prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis based on clinical and pathological criteria. The TNM staging is the most widely used system for prostate cancer staging and assesses the…
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Definition Cryosurgical ablation refers to rapid deep freezing of the prostate gland. Multiple cryoprobe needles filled with circulating liquid nitrogen transform the prostate into an ice ball. Cryoablation results in substantial tissue destruction and death of benign and malignant cells. The flow of liquid nitrogen through the probes is adjusted to create the desired freezing pattern and extent of tissue destruction in the prostate. Liquid nitrogen…