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Appendicitis

KEY FACTS Terminology Acute inflammation of appendix, which may be precipitated by obstruction of lumen You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Bowel

GROSS ANATOMY Divisions Esophagus Cervical and thoracic segments Stomach Hollow muscular organ between esophagus and small intestine Location: Intraperitoneal, in left upper quadrant, bordered superiorly by left hemidiaphragm, posterolaterally by spleen, posteroinferiorly by pancreas – Greater omentum attached from greater curvature and drapes over small and large intestines – Lesser omentum attached from lesser curvature to porta hepatis, covers lesser sac Function – Gastric acid production…

Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

KEY FACTS Terminology Peritoneal spread of tumor from epithelial malignancy resulting in peritoneal thickening, omental infiltration, serosal implants, and ascites You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Ascites

KEY FACTS Terminology Abnormal accumulation of fluid within peritoneal cavity You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Groin Hernia

KEY FACTS Terminology Hernia: Weakness or defect in fibromuscular wall with protrusion of organ or part of organ through defect You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Peritoneal Cavity

TERMINOLOGY Definitions Peritoneal cavity: Potential space in abdomen between visceral and parietal peritoneum, usually containing only small amount of peritoneal fluid (for lubrication) Abdominal cavity: Not synonymous with peritoneal cavity Contains all of abdominal viscera (intra- and retroperitoneal) Limited by abdominal wall muscles, diaphragm, and (arbitrarily) pelvic brim GROSS ANATOMY Divisions Greater sac of peritoneal cavity Lesser sac (omental bursa) Communicates with greater sac via epiploic…

Abdominal Lymph Nodes

GROSS ANATOMY Overview Major lymphatic vessels and nodal chains lie along major blood vessels (aorta, inferior vena cava, iliac) Lymph nodes carry same name as vessel they accompany Lymph from alimentary tract, liver, spleen, and pancreas passes along celiac, superior mesenteric chains to nodes Efferent vessels from alimentary nodes form intestinal lymphatic trunks Cisterna chyli (chyle cistern) – Formed by confluence of intestinal lymphatic trunks and…

Adrenal Carcinoma

KEY FACTS Terminology Adrenal carcinoma Synonyms : Adrenocortical carcinoma; adrenal cancer Definition : Rare, aggressive tumor arising from adrenal cortex, often with local invasion and distant metastases You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Pheochromocytoma

KEY FACTS Terminology Rare catecholamine-secreting tumor arising from chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla Termed paraganglioma if extraadrenal You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Myelolipoma

KEY FACTS Terminology Definition: Rare benign tumor consisting of macroscopic fat interspersed with hematopoietic elements You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Adrenal Hemorrhage

KEY FACTS Imaging Unilateral or bilateral, round or oval, well-defined mass Variable echogenicity depending on stage of hemorrhage Variable appearance depending on age of hemorrhage US: Nonspecific, avascular hypoechoic, hyperechoic, or heterogeneous lesion CT/MR: Can better characterize hemorrhagic contents of lesion, increasing specificity Acute hematoma: Hyperechoic Subacute hematoma: Mixed echogenicity ± central hypoechoic area Chronic hematoma: Hypo- or anechoic cyst-like lesion Curvilinear calcification, internal echoes/layering debris…

Renal Transplant Rejection

KEY FACTS Imaging No specific imaging characteristics Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy is gold standard Acute rejection (AR): Nonspecific allograft edema, urothelial thickening Resistive index (RI) may be elevated, or there may be loss or reversal of arterial diastolic flow Elevated RI > 0.80 in early postoperative period associated with increased risk of graft failure Chronic rejection (CR): Cortical atrophy, increased echogenicity, calcification Color perfusion may be decreased…