Physical Address

304 North Cardinal St.
Dorchester Center, MA 02124

Functional Ovarian Cyst

KEY FACTS Terminology Follicular cyst (FC) forms from persistent follicle, ovulation does not occur Corpus luteum cyst (CLC) forms from graafian follicle following ovulation You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Endometritis

KEY FACTS Terminology Polymicrobial infection resulting from ascending spread of organisms from cervix or from incision into uterus You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Endometrial Carcinoma

KEY FACTS Imaging Transvaginal sonography study of choice for initial work-up of abnormal vaginal bleeding Endometrial thickening: Focal more suspicious than diffuse Polypoid masses with internal color flow Mixed echogenicity, ± necrosis Can invade myometrium, cervix, parametrial structures Disruption of endometrial-myometrial interface and subendometrial halo suggests myometrial invasion Hematometros if tumor obstructs cavity or cervix Multiple feeding vessels on color Doppler Saline-infusion sonohysterography useful to differentiate…

Hematometrocolpos

KEY FACTS Terminology Hematometrocolpos: Distension of uterus and vagina by accumulated blood secondary to obstruction Hematometra: Distension of uterine cavity by blood products Hematocolpos: Distension of vagina by blood products You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Uterine Anomalies

KEY FACTS Terminology Müllerian duct anomalies (MDA): Series of uterine malformations resulting from abnormal development, fusion, or resorption of müllerian ducts MDA types Müllerian agenesis or hypoplasia Unicornuate uterus Uterus didelphys Bicornuate uterus Septate uterus Arcuate uterus Ovaries are not involved You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in…

Adenomyosis

KEY FACTS Terminology Ectopic endometrial tissue within myometrium with adjacent smooth muscle hyperplasia You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Cervical Carcinoma

KEY FACTS Imaging Soft tissue mass in cervix: Hypoechoic or isoechoic ± necrosis Hydro- or hematometra from cervical obstruction Mass extending into upper vagina MR is best modality for local staging and planning of radiation therapy Tumor: Intermediate- to high-signal mass replacing dark cervical stroma on T2-weighted sequences Accuracy superior to FIGO staging for size, parametrial extension, lymph nodes Parametrial invasion: Accuracy: 88-97%, specificity: 93%, negative…

Nabothian Cyst

KEY FACTS Terminology Mucus-filled cystic dilatation of endocervical gland Tunnel cluster: Type of nabothian cyst characterized by complex multicystic dilatation of endocervical glands You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Ovaries

GROSS ANATOMY Overview Ovaries located in true pelvis, although exact position variable Only pelvic organ entirely inside peritoneal sac Laxity in ligaments allows some mobility Location affected by parity, bladder filling, ovarian size, and uterine size/position Located within ovarian fossa in nulliparous women – Lateral pelvic sidewall below bifurcation of common iliac vessels – Anterior to ureter – Posterior to broad ligament Position more variable in…

Vagina

TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations Vaginal artery (VA), uterine artery (UA) GROSS ANATOMY Overview Muscular tube formed by smooth muscle and elastic connective fibers Serves as excretory duct for uterus, female organ for copulation, and part of birth canal Extends up and back from vestibule of external genitalia to surround cervix of uterus Has anterior and posterior walls, normally in apposition, with longer posterior wall Superiorly, cervix projects downward…

Uterus

GROSS ANATOMY Overview Body (corpus) : Upper 2/3 of uterus Fundus: Superior to ostia of fallopian tubes Cervix : Lower 1/3 of uterus Isthmus: Junction of body and cervix Parametrium : Tissue immediately surrounding uterus Myometrium : Smooth muscle forming bulk of uterus Endometrium : Composed of 2 layers Stratum basalis attached to myometrium, does not change Stratum functionalis: Thicker, varies with cycle Uterus is extraperitoneal…

Prostatic Hyperplasia

KEY FACTS Terminology Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Term reserved for histopathologic pattern of smooth muscle and epithelial cell proliferation Hyperplasia correct term since BPH is characterized by increased number of epithelial stromal cells in periurethral area of prostate (not hypertrophy, which means increase in size) You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are…

Varicocele

KEY FACTS Terminology Dilatation of pampiniform plexus > 2-3 mm due to congestion and retrograde flow in internal spermatic vein You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here