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MRI of the ankle

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Radiography of Interstitial Lung Disease

1 What radiographic features distinguish interstitial diseases from airspace diseases? Two primary characteristics radiographically distinguish interstitial diseases from airspace diseases. First, interstitial diseases displace little of the air within the lung, whereas airspace diseases displace large amounts of air. Interstitial diseases change the overall opacity of the lung very little, whereas airspace diseases in most cases dramatically increase the opacity (whiteness) of the lung on chest…

Imaging of Airspace Lung Disease

1 What is the difference between a pulmonary acinus and a secondary pulmonary lobule? The acinus (Latin for “berry”) is a structural unit of the lung distal to a terminal bronchiole, supplied by first-order respiratory bronchioles, which contains alveolar ducts and alveoli. It is 0.6 to 1 cm in size and is the largest unit in which all airways participate in gas exchange. The secondary pulmonary lobule…

Imaging of Lung Nodules and Masses

1 What is a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)? An SPN is a solitary focal lesion in the lung that measures 3 cm or less. A solitary focal lesion that is greater than 3 cm is considered to be a mass, and most masses are malignant. Approximately 150,000 SPNs are detected annually in the United States, often incidentally on imaging. A goal of radiologic evaluation of SPN is to…

CT Angiography and MR Angiography of the Peripheral and Visceral Vasculature

1 What are the clinical indications for computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the peripheral and visceral arteries? CTA and MRA are noninvasive methods of assessing the arteries and veins, which have all but replaced catheter angiography. The clinical indications for these examinations can be thought of in the following broad areas: Ischemia. Aneurysm Compression syndromes. Traumatic injury. 2 What is the…

Pulmonary Vascular Imaging

1 What is the normal appearance of the pulmonary vessels on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)? The main pulmonary artery originates from the right ventricular outflow tract, anterior and to the left of the aortic root, and serves as a conduit for blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation. It bifurcates into the right and left pulmonary arteries. The right pulmonary…