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Juvenile granulosa cell tumor

Definition Rare benign testicular gonadal stromal tumor Clinical features Epidemiology Typically occurs in children 4 years old or younger, with most cases occurring before 1 year of age Accounts for 1%–5% of all prepubertal testis tumors Most common congenital testicular neoplasm and the most common cause of testicular enlargement in newborns younger than 6 months Rare cases reported in adults Approximately 30% reported in patients with…

Adult granulosa cell tumor

Definition Testicular sex cord-stromal tumor resembling ovarian granulosa cell tumor Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Large cell calcifying sertoli cell tumor

Definition Variant of Sertoli cell tumor composed of large polygonal Sertoli cells with coarse calcification Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Sclerosing sertoli cell tumor

Definition Rare variant of Sertoli cell tumor with prominent sclerosis Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Sertoli cell tumor

Definition Sex cord–stromal tumor of the testis composed of cells showing features of Sertoli cells Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Leydig cell tumor

Definition Neoplasm of Leydig cells; which are normally located in the interstitium of the testis Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Yolk sac tumor, prepubertal type

Definition A germ cell tumor that predominantly affects young children and recapitulates the extraembryonic structures including the yolk sac, allantois, and extraembryonic mesenchyme Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Prepubertal teratoma, epidermoid cyst

Definition Benign unilocular cyst lined by keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium which lacks skin adnexa or other teratomatous components Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Teratoma, prepubertal-type, dermoid cyst

Definition A form of prepubertal-type teratoma composed of elements that replicate the structure of skin in an organoid arrangement No association with germ cell neoplasia in situ, dysgenetic gonads, or chromosome 12p amplification Clinical features Epidemiology Rare (less than 1% of all testis tumors) Typically seen in the prepubertal testis, but also reported in postpubertal patients You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for…

Prepubertal-type teratoma, testicular carcinoid tumor

Definition A monodermal teratoma in the prepubertal testis is composed of low-grade, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (or carcinoid tumor). Although most cases are pure carcinoid tumor, some are mixed with epidermoid/dermoid cysts or other teratomatous components. Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Spermatocytic tumor

Definition Spermatocytic tumor, formerly known as spermatocytic seminoma, is a rare germ cell tumor distinct from classical seminoma both clinically and pathologically. Pathologically, it is characterized by three distinct cell types, lack of cytoplasmic glycogen, and scant to absent lymphocytic infiltrates. Clinical features Epidemiology Most cases are in older Caucasian men, in the sixth decade. Occurs exclusively in the testis You’re Reading a Preview Become a…

Regressed germ cell tumors

Definition Germ cell tumors that are partially or completely regressed, resulting in a scar or fibrotic area in the testis. Also known as “burned-out” germ cell tumors. Clinical features Epidemiology Partial or complete spontaneous regression occurs in <5% of germ cell tumors. 10% retroperitoneal germ cell tumors have regressed germ cell tumor in the testis. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full…

Non-choriocarcinomatous trophoblastic tumors

Definition Germ cell tumors showing trophoblastic differentiation other than choriocarcinoma and non-trophoblastic tumors with syncytiotrophoblasts, including placental trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) and cystic trophoblastic tumor (CTT) Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Choriocarcinoma

Definition Malignant germ cell tumor that recapitulates the trophoblastic cells of extraembryonic chorion, including syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, and intermediate trophoblast cells Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Teratoma with somatic-type malignancies

Definition A teratoma develops a distinct secondary somatic (or non-germ cell) malignant component. Clinical features Epidemiology Only in postpubertal patients (age range, 15–68 years) Seen in 3%–6% of germ cell tumors (GCT) containing a teratomatous component You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Mixed germ cell tumor

Definition Testicular germ cell tumor composed of more than one histologic type of germ cell tumor Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Postpubertal-type teratoma

Definition GCT in the postpubertal testis composed of several types of somatic-type tissue originating from different germinal layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). It is usually composed of mature (or well-differentiated) tissues, and immature (or embryonic-type) tissues may be seen in some cases. Clinical features Epidemiology Occurs in young adults The pure form is rare and accounts for 2.7%–7% of GCTs. It is commonly mixed with other…

Postpubertal-type yolk sac tumor

Definition Germ cell tumor (GCT) in the postpubertal testis composed of malignant epithelial cells recapitulating the extraembryonic structures, such as the yolk sac, allantois, and extraembryonic mesenchyma; also called endodermal sinus tumor Clinical features Epidemiology Patients are typically 15–40 years old. Usually as a component of mixed GCTs in postpubertal children and adults, present in 44% of non-seminomatous GCTs. The pure form is extremely rare in…

Embryonal carcinoma

Definition Germ cell tumor (GCT) composed of primitive epithelial tumor cells with marked nuclear atypia and indistinct cell borders, recapitulating an early phase of embryonic development Clinical features Epidemiology Affects young men with a peak age of 30 years, about 10 years younger than seminoma Rare in prepubertal children Common as a component of mixed GCTs; present in 40% of all mixed GCTs Rare in pure…

Seminoma

Definition Germ cell tumor (GCT) composed of uniform malignant cells with clear cytoplasm and large round nuclei that are considered the neoplastic counterparts of the primordial germ cells (or gonocytes) during early embryonic development Clinical features Epidemiology Patient mean age, 40 years; about 10 years older than patients with non-seminomatous GCT Not seen in prepubertal children except for children with a disorder of sex development The…