* The authors are grateful for the editorial assistance of Ryan J. Warth, MD (Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston), Jorge Chahla, MD (Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO), and Lavanya Rajagopalan, PhD. Introduction…
History Despite improvements in advanced imaging techniques, clinical examination of the knee remains an essential step in evaluating the knee patient. Evaluation of every patient should begin with a complete history of the symptoms and a full description of the…
* The authors thank John N. Insall for his thoughtful guidance and contributions to previous editions of this chapter. Variations of normal anatomy and frankly abnormal structures are occasionally encountered by the physician. Without a fundamental understanding of the more…
* The authors thank John N. Insall for his thoughtful guidance and contributions to previous editions of this chapter and Kevin R. Math, Vincent J. Vigorita, and Fred D. Cushner for their prior work. The anatomy of the knee can…
Childhood obesity is a prevalent and progressive disease with few successful treatment options. Not only have increasing numbers of children and adolescents been affected over the years, but the average weight achieved by obese individuals has soared as well. Pediatric…
Thyroid Gland The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine organs in the body. Despite this, surgical diseases of the thyroid gland in children are uncommon. In one study, thyroid disease requiring operative intervention was found to occur in…
Development, Anatomy, and Physiology At the end of week 4 of human embryonic development, paired thickenings appear in the ectoderm on the ventral aspect of the torso. Extending from the axilla to the inguinal region, they form the mammary ridges…
Surgeons who care for girls and young women must be equipped to recognize and treat a variety of developmental and acquired disorders of the female genital tract spanning from neonatal life through adulthood. Most of the gynecologic surgical problems facing…
Lesions of the head and neck in children can be subdivided by etiology as those resulting from infection, trauma, neoplasm, or those of congenital origin. The more common benign neoplasms including hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, and cystic hygromas are discussed in Chapter…
Vascular anomalies are broadly divided into two groups based on biologic and clinical behavior: vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Vascular tumors are true neoplasms that arise from cellular hyperplasia. In contrast, vascular malformations are congenital lesions originating from errors of…