1 What is the terminology for radiation dose? Absorbed dose, equivalent dose, and effective dose are all used to describe the effects of radiation on tissue. Absorbed dose specifically refers to the energy transferred to a quantity of tissue by…
1 What is a radiographic contrast agent? A radiographic contrast agent is a substance that is administered to a patient during an imaging examination to improve its diagnostic performance. Contrast agents are most often administered via the intravenous (IV) and…
1 What is PACS? PACS stands for Picture Archiving and Communication System. On the most basic level, PACS integrates image acquisition modalities, workstation displays, the image archiving system, and the underlying network. 2 How are PACS images stored? The PACS…
1 What is a digital image? A digital image is an image discretized in spatial coordinates and in brightness. It can be represented by a multidimensional array of integers. 2 What is the difference between a pixel and a voxel?…
1 What is molecular imaging? Molecular imaging is the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biologic processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems. It is essentially a noninvasive means to study in vivo biochemistry and…
Ultrasonography (US) 1 What is ultrasonography (US), and how does it work? US is a structural imaging technique that uses high-frequency mechanical ultrasound waves (with frequencies greater than audible sound waves) to create real-time tomographic (cross-sectional) images. A hand-held transducer…
Radiography 1 What is radiography? Radiography is an imaging technique that uses x-rays to create projectional (2D) images of a region of interest in the body. It is performed by shining x-rays on a film or other image detector with…
Introduction The Digital Revolution began in the latter half of the 20th century with the first uses of digital computers and data storage. The 1970s saw the development of the first microprocessor, Intel’s 4004, which marked the advent of the…
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Introduction Historically, to be successful in their professional careers, radiologists must train intensively for years. They must master a daunting amount of clinical material, pass comprehensive tests, and meet a wide array of challenges in their training. That has not…