1 What is a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)? An SPN is a solitary focal lesion in the lung that measures 3 cm or less. A solitary focal lesion that is greater than 3 cm is considered to be a mass, and most…
1 What are the clinical indications for computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the peripheral and visceral arteries? CTA and MRA are noninvasive methods of assessing the arteries and veins, which have all but replaced catheter…
1 What is the normal appearance of the pulmonary vessels on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)? The main pulmonary artery originates from the right ventricular outflow tract, anterior and to the left of the aortic root, and…
1 What are some noninvasive methods of coronary artery imaging? Imaging the coronary arteries is an important part of evaluating ischemic heart disease. Traditionally, this imaging has been performed using cardiac catheterization, an invasive procedure that requires arterial puncture. Newer…
1 What is the normal imaging appearance of the aorta on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)? The normal aorta on imaging can be divided into the following five parts: the aortic root, the ascending aorta, the proximal…
1 What forms the borders of the heart on the frontal posteroanterior (PA) or anteroposterior (AP) chest radiograph? The chest radiograph represents an important first step in the imaging workup of cardiovascular disease. On a PA frontal view of the…
1 What are the indications for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)? General indications for breast MRI include: Establish the extent of disease in the setting of a newly diagnosed breast cancer. Further evaluate an imaging finding that is incompletely characterized…
1 What are the labeled structures on the ultrasound image in Figure 10-1 ? The structures are skin (A), subcutaneous fat (B), glandular tissue (C), fat (D), muscle (E), and rib (F). 2 What type of transducer should be used…
1 What are the indications for a diagnostic mammogram? Some indications for a diagnostic mammogram include a history of breast cancer, breast lump, nipple discharge, focal breast pain, breast implants, history of breast biopsy, history of an abnormal mammogram, and…
1 What is a screening mammogram? A screening mammogram is a radiographic examination of the breasts performed to detect clinically occult breast cancer in asymptomatic women. 2 When should an average woman start getting mammograms? This is currently a topic…