This chapter describes the devices, methods, and approaches used to measure anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) strain in vivo, and provides insight into the strain behavior of the normal ACL during various rehabilitation activities. The effectiveness of functional knee bracing on the…
Introduction and Pathophysiology Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is commonly associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. There are two pathologies to ACL rupture in knee OA. ACL rupture can be secondary to primary OA, or it can be the…
Introduction Knee joint intra-articular ganglion cysts may originate from the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), menisci or meniscal tears, popliteus tendon, alar folds, or areas of chondral fracture in descending order of frequency. Although the term ganglion…
Introduction Bone contusions of the knee refer to bone injuries seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and are also referred to as bone bruising and bone marrow edema. These lesions likely depict hemorrhage, edema, or infarction resulting from trabecular microfractures.…
Introduction Posterolateral knee injuries have been noted to be some of the most difficult knee injuries to diagnose and treat due to the multiple different structures, the intricate anatomical relationships, and the fact that there is no one specific clinical…
Authors’ note: This chapter represents a condensed version of a previously published work: Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD. Tibial and Femoral Osteotomy for Varus and Valgus Knee Syndromes: Diagnosis, Operative Techniques, and Clinical Outcomes. In: Noyes’s Knee Disorders: Surgery, Rehabilitation, Clinical…
Introduction Knees with chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears often have degenerative changes. If these changes are severe, cartilage restorative procedures may be necessary in addition to ACL reconstruction (ACLR). The question in such cases is whether to perform the…
Introduction Meniscus tears are commonly encountered in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. For decades, the importance of the meniscus was not recognized. Previously the standard treatment for meniscus tears was excision. While we have improved on returning…
Introduction The treatment of meniscus tears in conjunction with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction requires a thorough understanding of the different types of meniscus tears and their capacity for healing. The factors to consider are whether the tear is medial…
Introduction A knee dislocation injury is a rare but potentially devastating injury. The definition of knee dislocation includes the grossly unstable knee, with a minimum of two of the four major knee ligaments injured, regardless of a reduced joint line.…