Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common knee injuries encountered in sport today. These potentially devastating injuries occur in both contact and noncontact athletes, and can forever change the course of the affected athlete’s career.…
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Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common injuries in both skiers and snowboarders. Skiers sustain ACL tears at a significantly greater rate than snowboarders. The incidence of ACL injury is increasing with time in these unique populations. Several mechanisms…
Introduction Hereditary abnormalities involving connective tissue are among the most common genetic diseases in human beings. Individuals with these disorders demonstrate an array of disease severity and phenotypes, and athletes with these disorders are at increased risk of anterior cruciate…
Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury occurs most frequently in active individuals. Often ACL deficiency does not allow an individual to continue participation in sports at the same level. One of the primary early objectives of ACL reconstruction is to…
Introduction The outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have been known to be affected by many factors, including operative factors such as nonanatomic tunnel placement, improper graft tensioning and inadequate graft fixation, biologic failure according to the type of…
Approximately 175,000–200,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions occur each year at a cost to society of 1–2 billion dollars. These injuries generally occur in younger, more active individuals, with the goal of surgical reconstruction to restore knee biomechanics that allow…
Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a relatively common procedure in young adults, with the majority of surgery being undertaken in patients aged between 16 and 35 years. The mean age of patients in outcome studies of ACL reconstruction…
Introduction It is important to monitor patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury over time to evaluate their recovery after nonoperative or operative treatment so that the rehabilitation program can be monitored and adjusted if necessary. Furthermore, monitoring is essential…
Introduction Modern surgical techniques and rehabilitation protocols have led to improved surgical outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and have made return to play (RTP) a realistic goal for athletes. The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery…