Key Points Spinal bracing serves three primary objectives: controlling pain by limiting motion and unloading discs, vertebrae, and other spinal structures; stabilizing weak or injured structures by immobilizing the spine; and providing a three-point force system to provide correction or…
Key Points The primary biomechanical functions of the spinal column are to support the substantial loads induced during activities of daily living and protect the spinal cord while allowing physiologic mobility. This chapter presents a framework for understanding these biomechanical…
Key Points Human gait is a complex phenomenon that involves intricate interactions between the pelvis, hips, knees, and ankles. Understanding human gait requires a solid knowledge of underlying physiology and biomechanical principles. Observational gait analysis skills are essential in the…
Key Points Fabrication can be classified into three subsets: (1) constructed from raw materials; (2) combined from raw materials and specially designed components; or (3) mass-produced, generic, completed devices that can be modified to fit the patient. Although meticulous fabrication…
Key Points A thorough knowledge of the material science, its application, and other general principles summarized in this chapter is prerequisite to ensuring that the orthosis and assistive devices provided by practitioners will be durable, safe, and as unobtrusive as…
Introduction There is no single factor that causes acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. ACL ruptures are therefore considered multifactorial conditions with evidence from both familial and case-control genetic association studies that DNA sequence variants play an important role in…
Key Points A prescription for an orthosis communicates the type of device recommended to meet the biomechanical needs of the patient to improve function and promote participation in life activities. An appropriate orthotic prescription and treatment plan is generated based…
Acknowledgment We acknowledge James S. Starman, Mario Ferretti, Timo Järvelä, and Anthony Buoncristian, the authors of the previous edition, for their great contribution to this chapter. Introduction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is among the most common procedures performed in…