Introduction to Cranial Remolding Programs Cranial remolding orthoses (CROs) were first described in the treatment of deformational plagiocephaly in 1979. The underlying principle of “directed growth” is accomplished by designing the internal surface of the orthosis to maintain total contact…
Introduction As previously discussed in other chapters, single suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis has the highest prevalence of the craniosynostosis, with sagittal synostosis being the most common followed by metopic, coronal, and lastly, lambdoid stenosis. In the multiple suture synostosis group, bilateral…
Introduction Perhaps of all single suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis cases, premature closure of the lambdoid suture is one of the most difficult ones to diagnose. The primary reason is the confusion of the posterior plagiocephaly from lambdoid synostosis with that of…
Introduction Syndromic craniosynostosis accounts for 8% to 24% of all patients with craniosynostosis. , The cause for syndromic synostosis is frequently genetic and often due to one of six frequently mutated genes: FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1, EFNB1, TCF12, and ERF. There…
Introduction Premature closure of both coronal sutures is most commonly seen in association with craniofacial syndromes and is known as syndromic bicoronal craniosynostosis (SBCS). A smaller subgroup of patients affected with this condition who do not have an associated or…
Introduction Although the metopic suture is the only calvarial suture to completely close and disappear in humans, premature closure in utero or soon after birth can lead to major cranial and facial deformities. Amongst these are trigonocephaly, hypotelorism, and a…
Introduction Unilateral nonsyndromic coronal craniosynostosis is a challenging condition for the treating surgical team given all of the deformational changes associated with this condition. Unlike other single suture closures, unicoronal stenosis leads to a combination of skull base, calvarial, and…
Introduction Sagittal suture craniosynostosis is the most common type of sutural stenosis and affects males more than females at a rate of 3.5:1. , It is a genetic condition with which a number of genes have been associated, and they…
Acknowledgment None Funding: Children’s Hospital Ophthalmology Foundation Chair Funds Introduction Craniosynostosis often affects the growth and development of the orbit resulting in morphologic changes of the orbital rim, the trajectory of the orbit, and internal volumetric proportions. , As such,…
Introduction Craniosynostosis surgery presents a unique set of challenges to the anesthesiology team caring for the patient, particularly when surgery is done on young infants. Amongst a number of potential problems and concerns, the two most prominent are extensive blood…