Pearls Advanced MRI techniques, including 4D flow, arterial spin labeling, diffusion, and susceptibility imaging, expand conventional anatomic assessments to physiologic evaluation. Understanding the underlying physics and properties of these sequences informs their complementary application in the assessment of iAVMs, including…
Pearls Imaging plays an integral role in detection, grading, and management of iAVMs. Intracranial hemorrhage in a young patient should raise suspicion of an underlying iAVM. CT angiography is 90% sensitive in the detection of iAVMs. 4D contrast-enhanced MR angiography…
Pearls AVMs can be the result of one abnormal connection (fistular AVM) or multiple abnormal connections (racemose AVM). Lack of a capillary bed in iAVMs results in abnormal anatomy in all vessels involved: arteries, nidus, and veins. AVM formation is…
Pearls Intracranial AVMs are focal abnormal conglomerations of dilated arteries and veins that pulsate in the sulci and gyri of the brain and can cause stroke if they rupture. The pathogenesis of iAVMs remains poorly understood, and traditional theories regarding…
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and accounts for 16% of all primary brain tumors and for 45% of malignant primary brain tumors. Despite ample research to find better treatments the prognosis of GBM…
Introduction The cost of cancer treatment has progressively increased over the past decade as newer chemotherapy and immunotherapy agents have been established. Glioblastoma, in particular, has a significant cost in the health care system because of both the severity of…
Introduction Accounting for 52% of all primary brain tumors, glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive. Glioblastomas account for 20% of all intracranial tumors. Disparities in risk factors, incidence, treatment, and follow-up have been shown in the literature for…
Introduction With a median survival of 12 to 14 months, the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains poor. Treatment is therefore not only designed to prolong survival but also to maintain an optimal level of health-related quality of life…
Historical context and biological basis Early detection of solid tumors is vital for extending survival and possibly curing patients with cancer. This idea is especially relevant to patients with the most common and most lethal malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM), because earlier…
Background Despite trimodal therapy consisting of maximal safe resection and adjuvant partial radiotherapy with concurrent and subsequent temozolomide, glioblastoma (GBM) has a dismal prognosis, with a median survival of 14.6 months and an overall survival of only 9.8% at 5 years. Further…