Indications Progressive clinical symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome include numbness and paresthesias or pain in the ulnar nerve distribution of the hand, primarily the little finger and ring finger. Sensory symptoms are usually exacerbated by activities that require prolonged elbow…
Indications Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) has a high percentage of injuries that achieve complete recovery spontaneously, yet this does not occur in roughly 30% of patients. Usually stretching injury of the brachial plexus components. Preganglionic avulsion injury is less…
Indications Tethered cord on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (myelomeningocele, lipomyelomeningocele [LMMC], myelocystocele, spinal cord adhesions, thickened fatty filum, dermal sinus tract, diastematomyelia, tumors, epidermoid/dermoid/neurenteric cysts) with progressive clinical symptoms such as pain, sensory impairment, weakness, spasticity, urinary/bowel dysfunction, foot deformity,…
Indications Newborns with an open dysraphism should undergo operative closure within 24 to 48 hours of delivery, as closure after 72 hours carries a significant risk of meningitis and ventriculitis, decrease of motor function, and an increase in neurologic deficits.…
Indications Indications include palmar hyperhidrosis, axillary hyperhidrosis, craniofacial hyperhidrosis and blushing, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Raynaud disease, splanchnic pain, vascular insufficiency, angina pectoris, and heart arrhythmias such as long QT syndrome. The indication for which the results are most satisfactory is…
Indications “Failed back syndrome”, i.e., pain despite maximal medical and surgical therapies. Radiculopathy in the absence of compressive pathology. Neuropathic pain due to nerve root avulsion, postherpetic neuralgia, iatrogenic nerve injury, or complex regional pain syndrome. Phantom limb and stump…
Indications Some experts advocate surgical resection for intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformation only after progressive neurologic deterioration or for pain, which is often the presentation seen in adults. Others recommend surgical treatment after hemorrhage within the spinal cord, which is…
Indications Symptomatic spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) should be treated. Symptoms often develop insidiously and progress over time and include weakness, sensory loss, and bowel/bladder dysfunction. High cervical fistulas can even present with basilar insufficiency–like symptoms. Dermatomal and myotomal symptoms…
Indications Spinal cord arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) causing: Positive neurologic symptoms—pain, neurogenic claudication, myelopathy, radiculopathy, and progressive motor and sensory dysfunction. Positive radiologic signs for imminent damage to the spinal cord—venous hypertension, subarachnoid or intramedullary hemorrhage, edema, and significant mass effect.…
Indications Any situation or condition requiring interbody fusion at the level of L1-L2 through L4-L5 including adult spinal deformity, degenerative disk disease, adjacent segment disease, low-grade spondylolisthesis, and even foraminal stenosis where direct neural decompression is not required. The direct…