Introduction Low back pain is an extremely common presenting complaint that occurs in upwards of 80% of the population. Chronic back pain (>12 weeks’ duration) develops in a small percentage of patients. The first step in the treatment of low…
Introduction The taxonomy complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) was introduced in 1993 by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) to describe the pain syndromes reflex sympathetic dystrophy (type 1) and causalgia (type 2). CRPS is a conglomeration…
Introduction Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is an evolving neuromodulation modality that is used to treat chronic neuropathic pain in the distribution of a specific named nerve or branch of a named nerve. PNS continues to evolve, with the addition of…
Introduction Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is an effective neuromodulation modality for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain in the distribution of specific peripheral nerves. Saphenous and genicular nerves play an important role in the treatment algorithm for chronic knee pain.…
Introduction The inferior cluneal nerve (ICN) is a branch of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, which innervates the perineum ( Fig. 21.1 ). Although chronic neuropathic perineal pain is often attributed to pudendal neuropathy, there may be some cases where the…