Abbreviations BWI backwash ileitis CAN colitis-associated neoplasia CD Crohn’s disease CP cap polyposis GI gastrointestinal IBD inflammatory bowel disease ICV ileocecal valve PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis UC ulcerative colitis UP ulcerative proctitis Introduction In clinical practice the Montreal classification of ulcerative colitis (UC) has routinely been used to guide diagnosis and treatment ( Table 1.1 ) . In addition to the clinical assessment, the identification of…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease EI end ileostomy IBD inflammatory bowel disease ICA ileocolonic anastomosis ICR ileocolonic resection IRA ileorectal anastomosis LI loop ileostomy RS the Rutgeerts score RVF rectovaginal fistula STX strictureplasty Introduction Despite advances in medical therapy, approximately 70% of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) would eventually require surgery . Various surgical modalities have been designed and performed for patients with medically or endoscopically refractory…

Abbreviations AGA the American Gastroenterological Association CD Crohn’s disease CT computed tomography pCD perianal Crohn’s disease EUA examination under anesthesia IPAA ileal pouch–anal anastomosis MRI magnetic resonance imaging PVF pouch-vaginal fistula RVF rectovaginal fistula Introduction Perianal fistulas are the most common phenotype of penetrating Crohn’s disease (CD), with a prevalence of 20%–24% in the patients with CD . The cumulative incidence was estimated to be 12%…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease CT computed tomography EBD endoscopic balloon dilation ECF enterocutaneous fistula EEF enteroenteric fistula ESt endoscopic stricturotomy EVF enterovesical fistula IBD inflammatory bowel disease ISF ileosigmoid fistula MRI magnetic resonance imaging PVF pouch vaginal fistula RVF rectal vaginal fistula Introduction A fistula is defined as a pathologic channel connecting two or more epithelialized surfaces. While abdominal imaging, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease EBD endoscopic balloon dilation ESt endoscopic stricturotomy IBD inflammatory bowel disease ICV ileocecal valve NSAID nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs UC ulcerative colitis Introduction Intestinal stricture, defined as abnormal narrowing of bowel lumen, has also been termed stenosis. A stricture can lead to a spectrum of narrowing from subtle to complete obstruction. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), either Crohn’s disease (CD) or…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease GI gastrointestinal IBD inflammatory bowel disease ICV ileocecal valve ITB intestinal tuberculosis PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis UC ulcerative colitis Introduction Crohn’s disease (CD), by location, can involve any part of gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from the mouth to anus. CD can also involve the GI tract with different depths. Therefore several classifications have been proposed to categorize CD. The Montreal classification was proposed…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease GI gastrointestinal IBD inflammatory bowel disease ICV ileocecal valve PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis UC ulcerative colitis Introduction Crohn’s disease (CD) can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, while classic ulcerative colitis (UC) only involves colon and rectum. Differential diagnosis between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other inflammatory, neoplastic, medication-related, and organ transplantation–related disease conditions is discussed in separate chapters. On…

Abbreviations CAN colitis-associated neoplasia CD Crohn’s disease EGD esophagogastroduodenoscopy EUS endoscopic ultrasound IBD inflammatory bowel disease GI gastrointestinal ICV ileocecal valve PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis UC ulcerative colitis VCE video capsule endoscopy Introduction Endoscopy with histology plays a major role in the diagnosis, disease monitoring, assessment of treatment response, and neoplasia surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fortunately, any part of diseased gastrointestinal (GI) tract is…

Abbreviations AS ankylosing spondylitis CD Crohn’s disease EIM extraintestinal manifestations GI gastrointestinal IBD inflammatory bowel disease IBD-V inflammatory bowel disease variant IC indeterminate colitis PG pyoderma gangrenosum TNF tumor necrosis factor UC ulcerative colitis Introduction Generally speaking, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of two classic forms: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). CD and UC present with distinctive clinicopathological features. The diagnosis of IBD is…