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KEY FACTS Terminology Perineural tumor (PNT) of masticator space (MS): Malignant spread along CNV3 You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Definition: Abscess in masticator space (MS) from molar tooth infection or following dental procedure You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
1 What is the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)? The RSNA is the largest international professional association in radiology and has a mission to promote excellence in patient care and health care delivery through education, research, and technological innovation. It publishes Radiology , the “gray journal,” which is the highest-impact scientific radiology journal, along with RadioGraphics for continuing medical education in radiology. Its annual meeting…
1 Define medical negligence. Negligence is the failure to possess and apply the knowledge that is possessed or applied by reasonable physicians practicing in similar circumstances. 2 What must be proven for a physician to be found liable for malpractice? Establishment of physician-patient relationship. Breach of the duty of care. Adverse outcome with injury or harm. Direct causality between negligence and outcome. 3 Outline the history…
1 Why choose radiology? Radiology is an incredibly dynamic medical specialty in which different imaging modalities are used to both diagnose and treat diseases. It has been said that the radiologist is the “eye” of medicine: each day, radiologists take on the challenge of examining a study and assimilating elements from the clinical history to transform a 2-dimensional image into a living, unfolding narrative. The radiologist…
1 What are key history and physical examination findings that may raise suspicion of the possibility of nonaccidental trauma (NAT)? Red flags from the history that should lead the clinician and radiologist to consider child abuse include injuries that are not commensurate with the development of the child, a delay in seeking care, or vague or changing stories given by caretakers. Physical examination findings that the…
1 How does growing bone respond to trauma, and how is this different from mature bone? The cartilaginous physis separates the epiphysis from the metaphysis. Pediatric ligaments and tendons are relatively stronger than growing bone (in contrast to adults). Given an equivalent force applied to growing versus mature bone, the growing bone has a higher likelihood of fracture. In addition, immature bone has a propensity to…
1 How does myelinated brain differ from nonmyelinated brain on an infant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination? Where does one expect to see myelinization occur first? Myelinated brain white matter, as in adults, appears hyperintense relative to gray matter on T1-weighted MR images and hypointense on T2-weighted images. In nonmyelinated brain, this pattern is reversed. Myelinization of the infant brain occurs in a predictable pattern, beginning…
1 What is the role of the radiologist in pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI)? UTI that occurs and recurs in some children is the result of many interrelated factors, most of which the radiologist cannot assess. Generally, UTI results when bacterial virulence outweighs host resistance. One important factor affecting host resistance that the radiologist can assess is whether there is impairment of unidirectional flow of urine…
1 What are the most common causes of small bowel obstruction in a child? AAIIMM is a mnemonic that makes it easy to remember the causes: A = A dhesions, usually post-surgical. A = A ppendicitis. I = I ntussusception. I = I ncarcerated inguinal hernia. M = M alrotation with volvulus or bands. M = M iscellaneous, such as Meckel's diverticulum or intestinal duplication. 2…
1 What are some of the most common types of congenital heart disease (CHD) in order of frequency (most common to least common)? Bicuspid aortic valve, ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), tetralogy of Fallot, coarctation of the aorta, and transposition of the great vessels. 2 How does assessment of pulmonary blood flow aid in the diagnosis of cyanotic disease?…
1 What is the embryologic relationship between the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract? The lung bud is an outpouching of the primitive foregut, appearing during the fourth week of development. 2 Describe the histologic stages of lung development. The lung bud progressively branches during embryologic development, undergoing a pseudoglandular stage (weeks 5 to 17), a canalicular stage (weeks 16 to 25), a terminal sac stage (weeks…
1 What is the purpose of radiopharmaceutical therapy? In sufficient dosages, radiation will kill cells. In many cases, radiation can be delivered directly to sites of disease with external beam techniques. An alternative means of delivering radiation to sites of disease is radiopharmaceutical therapy, wherein a radioactive compound is administered to the patient. Through a combination of the route of administration and the physical and biological…
1 What radiotracers are available for functional brain scintigraphy? There are currently two single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracers that are available to evaluate general brain function by measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF): technetium-99m ( 99m Tc) ethylcysteinate dimer (ECD) and 99m Tc hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO). These diffuse passively into the brain shortly after injection. Iodine-123 ( 123 I) ioflupane (DaTscan) is now available for…
1 How do you prepare a patient for stress myocardial perfusion imaging (SMPI)? Patients should be informed that the test takes approximately one half day and consists of two parts: a resting part and a stress part. The placement of an intravenous catheter (usually inserted at the beginning of the study) is required to administer the radiotracer. The order of the study can be either rest-stress…
1 What should patients know about renal scintigraphy, and what preparation should they be given? In general, there is little in the way of patient preparation for a renal scan, although patients should be well hydrated. Patients should refrain from taking furosemide, which is sometimes given during the scan to help evaluate for obstruction. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should also be avoided because they can…