Abbreviations AVM arteriovenous malformation GI gastrointestinal IBD inflammatory bowel disease UC ulcerative colitis Introduction Gastrointestinal (GI) tract is vulnerable to radiation injury, consisting acute and chronic forms. The acute injury exerts cytotoxic effect on the fast dividing intestinal epithelium, particularly intestinal stem cells, with subsequent changes in cell death. Downregulation of Bcl-2 plays a central role. The disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier may lead to bacterial…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease ECF enterocutaneous fistula ICA ileocolonic anastomosis ICR ileocolonic resection Introduction Bowel resection and anastomosis, strictureplasty, and fecal diversion with ileostomy are common surgical treatment modalities for Crohn’s disease (CD). Postoperative complications after any surgery for CD are common, ranging from anastomotic stricture to anastomotic leak. The high risk for the surgery-associated complications may be related to underlying disease process of CD, concurrent…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease CAN colitis-associated neoplasia DABD diversion-associated bowel disease IBD inflammatory bowel disease IPAA ileal pouch–anal anastomosis IRA ileorectal anastomosis PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis SCFAs short-chain fatty acids UC ulcerative colitis Introduction Diversion colitis, proctitis, and pouchitis result from defunctionalized, surgically bypassed bowel segment. Diversion-associated bowel disease (DABD) occurs in fecal-stream bypassed segments of the bowel, following stoma surgery for congenital, inflammatory, or neoplastic…

Abbreviations ATZ anal transition zone CAN colitis-associated neoplasia CD Crohn’s disease CRC colorectal cancer EBV Epstein–Barr virus GI gastrointestinal HGD high-grade dysplasia HPV human papillomavirus IBD inflammatory bowel disease IPAA ileal pouch–anal anastomosis LGD low-grade dysplasia NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis SCC squamous cell cancer UC ulcerative colitis Introduction Chronic mucosal inflammation is a risk factor for the development of neoplasia in the gastrointestinal…

Abbreviations ATZ anal transition zone CD Crohn’s disease IPAA ileal pouch–anal anastomosis IRA ileorectal anastomosis PDAI the Pouchitis Disease Activity Index PVF pouch-vaginal fistula RPC restorative proctocolectomy UC ulcerative colitis You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Abbreviations BWI backwash ileitis CD Crohn’s disease IBD inflammatory bowel disease IBD-U inflammatory bowel disease unclassified ICV ileocecal valve GI gastrointestinal IC indeterminate colitis IPAA ileal pouch–anal anastomosis NSAIDs nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis UC ulcerative colitis VCE video capsule endoscopy Introduction Disease spectrum of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is beyond the two classic phenotypes. Differential diagnosis between CD and UC…

Abbreviations BWI backwash ileitis CAN colitis-associated neoplasia CD Crohn’s disease CP cap polyposis GI gastrointestinal IBD inflammatory bowel disease ICV ileocecal valve PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis UC ulcerative colitis UP ulcerative proctitis Introduction In clinical practice the Montreal classification of ulcerative colitis (UC) has routinely been used to guide diagnosis and treatment ( Table 1.1 ) . In addition to the clinical assessment, the identification of…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease EI end ileostomy IBD inflammatory bowel disease ICA ileocolonic anastomosis ICR ileocolonic resection IRA ileorectal anastomosis LI loop ileostomy RS the Rutgeerts score RVF rectovaginal fistula STX strictureplasty Introduction Despite advances in medical therapy, approximately 70% of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) would eventually require surgery . Various surgical modalities have been designed and performed for patients with medically or endoscopically refractory…

Abbreviations AGA the American Gastroenterological Association CD Crohn’s disease CT computed tomography pCD perianal Crohn’s disease EUA examination under anesthesia IPAA ileal pouch–anal anastomosis MRI magnetic resonance imaging PVF pouch-vaginal fistula RVF rectovaginal fistula Introduction Perianal fistulas are the most common phenotype of penetrating Crohn’s disease (CD), with a prevalence of 20%–24% in the patients with CD . The cumulative incidence was estimated to be 12%…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease CT computed tomography EBD endoscopic balloon dilation ECF enterocutaneous fistula EEF enteroenteric fistula ESt endoscopic stricturotomy EVF enterovesical fistula IBD inflammatory bowel disease ISF ileosigmoid fistula MRI magnetic resonance imaging PVF pouch vaginal fistula RVF rectal vaginal fistula Introduction A fistula is defined as a pathologic channel connecting two or more epithelialized surfaces. While abdominal imaging, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease EBD endoscopic balloon dilation ESt endoscopic stricturotomy IBD inflammatory bowel disease ICV ileocecal valve NSAID nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs UC ulcerative colitis Introduction Intestinal stricture, defined as abnormal narrowing of bowel lumen, has also been termed stenosis. A stricture can lead to a spectrum of narrowing from subtle to complete obstruction. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), either Crohn’s disease (CD) or…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease GI gastrointestinal IBD inflammatory bowel disease ICV ileocecal valve ITB intestinal tuberculosis PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis UC ulcerative colitis Introduction Crohn’s disease (CD), by location, can involve any part of gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from the mouth to anus. CD can also involve the GI tract with different depths. Therefore several classifications have been proposed to categorize CD. The Montreal classification was proposed…

Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease GI gastrointestinal IBD inflammatory bowel disease ICV ileocecal valve PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis UC ulcerative colitis Introduction Crohn’s disease (CD) can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, while classic ulcerative colitis (UC) only involves colon and rectum. Differential diagnosis between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other inflammatory, neoplastic, medication-related, and organ transplantation–related disease conditions is discussed in separate chapters. On…