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Nail abnormalities


Nail abnormalities are common and can give invaluable clues to underlying systemic illness. Clubbing is dealt with in a separate section (p. 56).

Causes

Congenital

  • ●

    Epidermolysis bullosa

  • ●

    Anonychia congenita

Acquired

Infections

  • ●

    Fungal infection (onychomycosis)

  • ●

    Paronychia

Traumatic

  • ●

    Nail biting

  • ●

    Nailbed trauma

Systemic illness

  • ●

    Severe systemic illness (Beau’s lines)

  • ●

    Iron deficiency anaemia (koilonychia)

  • ●

    Chronic liver disease (leuconychia)

  • ●

    Diabetes mellitus (leuconychia)

  • ●

    Psoriatic arthritis (onycholysis)

  • ●

    Plummer–Vinson syndrome (koilonychia)

Dermatological

Other

  • ●

    Onychogryphosis

  • ●

    Raynaud’s syndrome

  • ●

    Hypo/hyperthyroidism

  • ●

    Autoimmune disease

  • ●

    Yellow nail syndrome

  • ●

    Malignancy (melanoma/SCC)

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