Synonyms/Description Fluid-filled, distended fallopian tube Etiology A hydrosalpinx is a dilated fallopian tube filled with fluid. A normal tube is not visible sonographically; however, when a tube becomes obstructed, it distends and fills with fluid, giving it a sausage-like appearance.…
Synonyms/Description Hydrometra and hydrocolpos Pyometra and pyocolpos Etiology The most common etiology is cervical or vaginal obstruction, resulting in a collection of blood, pus, or fluid that distends the uterus or vagina. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree…
Synonyms/Description Granulosa-theca cell tumor Sex cord–gonadal stromal tumor Etiology Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are relatively rare malignant neoplasms representing 3% of all ovarian cancers and 70% of tumors in the category of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. Granulosa cell tumors arise…
Synonyms/Description Thecoma, fibroma, and fibrothecoma are all tumors belonging to the thecoma-fibroma group of stromal tumors (per the World Health Organization classification of ovarian sex cord–stromal tumors). Etiology Thecoma-fibroma tumors are a closely related group of benign tumors that arise…
Synonyms/Description Leiomyoma, myoma, fibromyoma, and uterine fibroma Etiology Fibroids are the most common benign pelvic tumor in women. The prevalence in women age 50 and older is estimated at 80% in African Americans and up to 70% in Caucasians. Others…
Synonyms/Description Epidermal cyst or sebaceous cyst of the ovary Mature monophyletic teratoma Etiology Epidermoid cysts are benign cysts, lined by mature keratinizing squamous epithelium but without hair (unlike dermoids). These lesions represent less than 0.25% of all ovarian neoplasms. Two…
Synonyms/Description Endometriosis signifies the presence of endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity. These ectopic glands respond to the cyclical hormones, thus causing microscopic internal bleeding and pain during the course of the menstrual cycle. This ectopic tissue bleeds episodically, causing…
Synonyms/Description Endometrial proliferation Etiology Endometrial hyperplasia refers to abnormal proliferation of endometrial glands and stroma, representing a spectrum of endometrial abnormalities ranging from benign overgrowth to precancerous tissue. Endometrial hyperplasia can cause a diffusely thickened endometrium or, less commonly, focal…
Synonyms/Description Uterine cancer Etiology Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract. The overall 5-year survival rate is 85%, 75%, 45%, and 25% for stages I through IV, respectively. Risk factors for endometrial cancer include obesity,…
Synonyms/Description Tubal, cornual, cervical, ovarian, or abdominal pregnancy/ectopic Etiology An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs as a result of implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the endometrial cavity. Ectopic pregnancy occurs in approximately 1.5% to 2.0% of gestations…