Breast calcifications are commonly seen on mammograms, are usually composed of calcium carbonate, and are mostly seen in benign entities. However, breast calcifications also form in breast cancer and are sometimes the only sign that something is wrong on the…
In the United States, statistics indicate that one in eight American women will develop breast cancer if women live a 90-year life span. The incidence of breast cancer in women in the United States is rising, and although the rate…
Mammography is one of the most technically challenging areas of radiography, requiring high spatial resolution, excellent soft-tissue contrast, and low radiation dose. It is particularly challenging in denser breasts because of the similar attenuation coefficients of breast cancers and fibroglandular…
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Overview This chapter covers some of the basic physics of operation of a mammography system including the components of the mammography system, the effects of scatter, radiation dose requirements, magnification, and common artifacts in digital mammography . A mammography system…
Overview This chapter reviews the key components of the Mammography Quality Standards Act and American College of Radiology (ACR) accreditation programs, including personnel qualifications, imaging and equipment standards, reporting requirements, and the medical audit . Mammography Quality Standards Act Origins…
Overview This chapter covers breast imaging in special patient populations, including the young, pregnant, lactating, male, transgender, or combinations thereof. This includes management guidelines, common imaging findings, and pathologies that breast radiologists should be familiar with . The Breast Imaging…
Overview This chapter reviews the normal and abnormal imaging appearances of the augmented and reconstructed breast. This includes implants and autologous flap reconstructions, as well as associated early, delayed, and rare complications. Breast surgeries, whether for cosmetic intent or for…
Overview This chapter provides a framework for the diagnostic approach to axillary lymphadenopathy and its differential considerations including unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy, bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy, and axillary nodal calcifications. A brief overview of the evaluation and management of axillary lymph nodes…
Overview This chapter will review the definition of breast conservation therapy, indications for this therapy, principles of preoperative tumor localization and surgical specimen radiography, surveillance after breast conservation therapy, expected changes after breast conservation therapy, and typical imaging findings of…