This chapter provides an overview of clinically driven breast cancer evaluation; the sequence of events after a breast cancer diagnosis; locoregional breast cancer treatment options, including sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy; the normal postoperative breast; postradiation therapy change; ipsilateral breast…
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive for breast cancer than standard x-ray mammography or ultrasound, when using dynamic contrast-enhancement (DCE) methods after administration of intravenous (IV) gadolinium-based contrast agents. Breast MRI both detects breast cancer and distinguishes it from…
Imaging-guided biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions is an essential component of breast imaging services. Percutaneous biopsy provides a diagnosis with minimal patient trauma. If it is cancer, the patient and her team can decide on lumpectomy versus mastectomy, with definitive…
Ultrasound (US) is a useful adjunct to mammography for diagnosis and management of benign and malignant breast disease. Technical advances have resulted in consistent, reproducible, high-resolution clinical US images. Although whole-breast automated scanners are now available and increasing in use,…
A breast mass is one of the most frequent presenting features of breast carcinoma. Benign masses usually have round or oval shapes with pushing or circumscribed borders and do not invade normal surrounding tissue. Malignant masses are often irregularly shaped…
Breast calcifications are commonly seen on mammograms, are usually composed of calcium carbonate, and are mostly seen in benign entities. However, breast calcifications also form in breast cancer and are sometimes the only sign that something is wrong on the…
In the United States, statistics indicate that one in eight American women will develop breast cancer if women live a 90-year life span. The incidence of breast cancer in women in the United States is rising, and although the rate…
Mammography is one of the most technically challenging areas of radiography, requiring high spatial resolution, excellent soft-tissue contrast, and low radiation dose. It is particularly challenging in denser breasts because of the similar attenuation coefficients of breast cancers and fibroglandular…
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Overview This chapter covers some of the basic physics of operation of a mammography system including the components of the mammography system, the effects of scatter, radiation dose requirements, magnification, and common artifacts in digital mammography . A mammography system…