Introduction There are several pulmonary diseases discussed elsewhere in this book that, among the many effects they have upon the patient, convey a recognized predisposition to lung cancer development. These diseases include many forms of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis (idiopathic pulmonary…
Introduction Metastases to the lung are the most common malignancy, with incidence ranging from 30% to 55% in various series. This is not surprising because the entire cardiac output and lymphatic fluid produced by the body flow through the pulmonary…
Introduction A variety of uncommon or rare tumors develop in the lung, with incidence rates of 1 in 100,000 people or fewer. For this group of neoplasms, most published accounts take the form of case reports and small series. Given…
Introduction Neuroendocrine neoplasms include a spectrum of malignant neoplasms ranging from relatively low- to intermediate-grade malignancies (typical and atypical carcinoid [AC] tumors) to high-grade malignancies (small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma) and are among the most aggressive primary lung…
Introduction Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the second most common cancer diagnosed in the United States and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with an estimated 221,200 new cases and 158,040 deaths anticipated in 2015. Lung cancer was the…
Introduction This chapter addresses a variety of lung lesions that represent repair reactions, inclusions, deposition disorders, and masses of uncertain etiology. They may present as single or multiple lesions or as infiltrative lesions. They may be secondary to systemic diseases,…
Complications of Lung Transplantation Lung transplantation, whether single, bilateral, or, less often, heart–lung, has been an accepted mode of therapy for a variety of end-stage lung diseases for about 25 years. The most common indications for transplantation in adults are…
Introduction The mononuclear phagocyte system includes monocytes, macrophages/histiocytes, and dendritic cells. Macrophages/histiocytes are tissue-based cells that have an important phagocytic function and produce a variety of bioactive substances that play roles in inflammation and fibrosis. Alveolar macrophages are a normal…
Introduction Pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders encompass a spectrum of benign and malignant lymphoid proliferations. Benign proliferations include intraparenchymal lymph nodes, follicular bronchiolitis, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) (sometimes encompassed under the term diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia ), localized pulmonary “nodular” lymphoid hyperplasia, and…
Introduction Bronchiolitis is a general term used to describe inflammatory lung diseases primarily affecting the small conducting airways and often (but not always) sparing the more distal lung parenchyma. It may occur in isolation, but sometimes it may be a…