Introduction Bone lesions lend themselves to radiographic assessment because of the fact that bone has a built-in contrast agent, the calcium hydroxyapatite crystal. Much information about bone destruction, bone production, matrix calcification and ossification, and the reactive response of the…
Introduction The new edition of this book retains the conventional approach to the classification of bone tumors, dividing them into the categories of osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibrous and fibroosseous, vascular and neurogenic, and others of mesenchymal tissue derivation. In general, the…
Hypertrophic lichen planus Differential diagnosis: Squamous cell carcinoma Clinical features Lichen planus is a T-cell–mediated autoimmune disease affecting the skin or mucosal surfaces. It has several clinical and pathologic variants, one of which is hypertrophic lichen planus (HLP). HLP typically…
Type A thymoma Differential diagnosis: Synovial sarcoma Clinical features Thymomas represent a morphologic spectrum of anterior mediastinal neoplasms derived from cortical and medullary epithelial cells of the thymus. They are typically encountered in the middle-aged patient; however, the age range…
Squamous papilloma Differential diagnoses: Glandular papilloma, mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma, and squamous cell carcinoma Clinical features Squamous cell papillomas account for less than 1% of lung neoplasms and are much less common compared with their incidence in the…
Diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma Differential diagnosis: Metastatic carcinoma Clinical features The diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is recognized to exhibit specific clinical characteristics including female predominance and younger age at presentation (mean age, 18–29…
Pleomorphic adenoma Differential diagnoses: Polymorphous adenocarcinoma & epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma Clinical features Pleomorphic adenoma (PA), also called benign mixed tumor, is a benign tumor of the salivary glands. PAs are the most common salivary gland neoplasm and the vast majority occur…
Adipocytic tumors Lipoma Differential diagnosis: Atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma Clinical features Lipoma represents the most common mesenchymal soft tissue tumor of adults. Most commonly, lipomas are localized to the subcutaneous adipose tissue, presenting as a painless mass/swelling, although examples may…
Diseases of joints Primary degenerative joint disease Differential diagnosis: Secondary degenerative joint disease of any cause Clinical features Primary degenerative joint disease (DJD) is the most common form of arthritis and causes progressively worsening pain, swelling, and lack of mobility…
Complex sclerosing lesion/radial scar Differential diagnoses: Tubular carcinoma and low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma Clinical features Complex sclerosing lesions and radial scars (CSLs/RSs) are benign sclerosing lesions which may be encountered incidentally or as the targets of directed biopsies after imaging. Incidence…