Fibrous tumors of infancy and childhood can be divided into two large groups: (1) lesions that correspond to similar lesions in adults in terms of clinical setting, microscopic picture, and behavior (e.g., nodular fasciitis, palmar/plantar fibromatosis, abdominal/extraabdominal fibromatosis) and (2)…
Fibrous connective tissue consists principally of fibroblasts and an extracellular matrix (ECM) containing fibrillary structures (collagen, elastin) and nonfibrillary ECM, or ground substance. Dense fibrous connective tissue, such as that found in tendons, aponeuroses, and ligaments, is composed predominantly of…
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the use of antibody-based reagents for localization of specific epitopes in tissue sections. Over the past several decades, IHC has become a powerful tool to assist the surgical pathologist in many clinically critical settings. It is important…
Clinical Information The diagnosis of a soft tissue lesion requires a modicum of clinical information and adequate, well-processed tissue. At a minimum, the pathologist should be apprised of patient age, tumor location, and its growth characteristics. In some cases, the…
Acknowledgments An apology is extended to those colleagues whose papers could not be cited because of space considerations. Human neoplasms display a wide variety of genetic alterations, most of which arise after conception, so-called somatic mutations. The types and patterns…
Over the past several decades, remarkable advances have been seen in the use of imaging for diagnosing, staging, and following up cases of soft tissue neoplasms. In this chapter we discuss the radiologic evaluation of soft tissue tumors, reviewing the…
Although soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, their clinical evaluation and treatment follow common principles. This chapter focuses on the clinical evaluation, determinants of prognosis and outcome, and treatment of patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Anatomically, the…
Soft tissue can be defined as nonepithelial extraskeletal tissue of the body exclusive of the reticuloendothelial system, glia, and supporting tissue of various parenchymal organs. It is represented by the voluntary muscles, fat, and fibrous tissue, along with the vessels…
The presence of a neoplasm in bone is manifested in a variety of ways. Pain and localized swelling or pathologic fracture are the most frequent presenting complaints, but rarely is a bone tumor discovered as an incidental finding on radiographic…
Myositis Ossificans Definition Myositis ossificans is a reactive, self-limiting condition characterized by prominent heterotopic ossification. It predominantly occurs deep in soft tissue, and it undergoes zonal maturation. If the lesion is located in the vicinity of bone (i.e., involves the…