Non-Neoplastic Diseases Involving the Splenic White Pulp Reactive Follicular Hyperplasia With Germinal Center Formation Clinical Features Occurs at any age; more common in children and younger adults Caused by a variety of both acute and chronic immunologic stimuli (e.g., bacterial…
Normal Lymph Node Histopathology A lymph node contains a cortex, a paracortex, a medulla, sinuses, a hilum, and a fibrous capsule The cortex is a B-cell area, which contains primary (nonstimulated) lymphoid follicles composed of small mature lymphocytes and secondary…
Subareolar Abscess Clinical Features Develops in lactating and nonlactating breasts, usually in nonlactating breasts Found in women of any age, typically during reproductive years Can be seen after reduction mammoplasty May resemble inflammatory carcinoma clinically May present as a painful,…
Vulva Inflammatory dermatologic diseases that affect hair-bearing skin elsewhere on the body may also occur on the vulva (see Chapter 2 ). A selected group of disorders are addressed here primarily because of the frequency with which they are seen…
Prostate Gland Acute and Chronic Prostatitis Clinical Features Clinical classification of acute and chronic prostatitis Acute bacterial prostatitis Chronic bacterial prostatitis Chronic abacterial prostatitis Prostate is swollen and tender on palpation Often refractory to antibiotic therapy because the prostate is…
Ureter Ureteritis Cystica Et Glandularis Clinical Features One of the most common non-neoplastic urothelial proliferations Reactive urothelial proliferation that develops following an inflammatory stimulus Typically asymptomatic and found incidentally Gross Pathology Nodular cobblestone appearance due to numerous small, superficial, fluid-filled…
Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency (Addison Disease) Clinical Features Primary Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency Etiology Autoimmune etiology in 75% to 90% of cases, with circulating autoantibodies to endocrine antigens (21-OH, P-450scc, and 17-OH) Other causes include infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hemorrhage (sepsis),…
Nonneoplastic Entities Chronic Pancreatitis Clinical Features Defined by irreversible loss of pancreatic parenchyma and function caused by inflammation Patients present with recurrent attacks of abdominal and back pain and evidence of loss of pancreatic function including exocrine insufficiency (malabsorption and…
Viral Hepatitis Clinical Features Hepatitis A Virus Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus (picornavirus) Transmission route: fecal-oral Incubation: 2 to 6 weeks Self-limited Not associated with chronic carrier state, chronic hepatitis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hepatitis B Virus Partially circular double-stranded DNA…
Esophagus Congenital and Acquired Esophageal Abnormalities Clinical Features Esophageal Ectopias Gastric Affects up to 20% of population Found in cervical esophagus; referred to as inlet patch ( Figure 6.1 ) May produce peptic symptoms in older patients Rare examples of…