1 Introduction Large molecules therapeutics, also referred to as biologics or biotherapeutics, are proteins designed to modulate their target(s) pharmacology to achieve therapeutic effect. The key advantage that biotherapeutics offer is their high target specificity, which makes them ideal modalities…
Acknowledgments The following individuals have provided valuable insights to this book chapter: Trent Abraham, Kenneth Cassidy, Gemma Dickinson, Timothy Jones, Bridget Morse, Everett Perkins, Maria Posada, John Vahle, and Lian Zhou. 1 Introduction As new medicines are being developed to…
1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental principles of toxic mechanisms of injury. It is focused on biochemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that contribute to toxicity. Additionally, xenobiotic disposition, representing the integrated action of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and…
1 An Overview of Toxicologic Pathology Citizens of industrialized societies generally have enjoyed a rising standard of living since the dawn of the Industrial Age in Great Britain during the mid-18th century and in other countries thereafter. This time of…
Introduction Cytologic examination is an integral part of gynecologic pathology. Many of the specimens presenting to the gynecologic surgical pathology service originate as the result of abnormal cytology examinations. Moreover, in many practices, the review of concurrent cytology and surgical…
In the last decades, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has seen a marked expansion in application to the diagnosis and prognosis of lesions of the female genital tract. In this chapter, I concentrate on the diagnostic utility of IHC markers in gynecologic pathology…
Gestational trophoblastic disease encompasses a diverse group of trophoblastic proliferations that can be divided primarily into molar and nonmolar lesions. Molar lesions derive from villous trophoblast and include partial (PHM), complete (CHM), and invasive hydatidiform moles. Nonmolar lesions include placental-site…
Diseases affecting the peritoneum are diverse, ranging from reactive to neoplastic, the latter being either benign, borderline, or malignant processes. Among malignant tumors, many are of secondary (metastatic) origin; much less commonly, they are primary Müllerian or mesothelial in nature.…
Metastatic Tumors Involving the Ovary Metastases account for approximately 8% of malignant ovarian neoplasms in women undergoing surgery for an adnexal mass in the United States. Metastases derived from nongynecologic sites are 11 times more common than those originating from…
Germ cell tumors comprise approximately 30% of all primary ovarian neoplasms. The vast majority are mature teratomas representing >90% of neoplasms in this category. Others, called collectively “primitive germ cell tumors,” are rare in Western countries but account for up…