Introduction The posterior and lateral anatomy of the knee joint presents a challenge to even the most experienced knee surgeon. Knowledge of the bony topography will result in a greater number of anatomic ligament reconstructions ( Fig. 2-1 ). A…
Medial Anatomy of the Knee The medial anatomy of the knee consists of several layers of structures that work together to provide stability and function. Authors have used a variety of anatomic terms and descriptions that, unfortunately, have created ambiguity…
Clinical Summary and Recommendations Patient History Complaints Overall subjective complaints do not appear useful in identifying carpal tunnel syndrome. Only reports of “dropping objects” and “shaking hand improves symptoms” statistically altered the probability of the diagnosis and then only minimally…
Clinical Summary and Recommendations Patient History Complaints Little is known about the utility of subjective complaints with elbow pain. Physical Examination Range-of-Motion Measurements Measuring elbow range of motion has consistently exhibited good to high reliability for assessing flexion, extension, supination,…
Clinical Summary and Recommendations Patient History Complaints Little is known about the utility of subjective complaints with shoulder pain. Although a report of trauma does not seem clinically useful, a history of popping, clicking, or catching may be minimally helpful…
Clinical Summary and Recommendations Patient History Complaints No studies of acceptable quality have assessed either the reliability or diagnostic utility of items from the subjective history in patients with foot and ankle problems. Physical Examination Screening The Ottawa Ankle Rule…
Clinical Summary and Recommendations Patient History Complaints Little is known about the utility of subjective complaints with knee pain. The absence of “weight bearing during trauma” may help rule out a meniscal tear (likelihood ratio [LR] = .40). Symptoms in…
Clinical Summary and Recommendations Patient History Complaints Several complaints appear to be useful in identifying specific hip pathologic conditions. A subjective complaint of “clicking in the hip” is strongly associated with acetabular labral tears. Reports of “constant low back/buttock pain”…
Clinical Summary and Recommendations Patient History Questions The question “Is pain relieved by standing?” is the only question studied to demonstrate some diagnostic utility (+LR [likelihood ratio] of 3.5) for sacroiliac joint pain. Pain Location Recent evidence suggests that patients…
Clinical Summary and Recommendations Patient History Complaints A few subjective complaints appear to be useful in identifying specific spinal pathologic conditions. A report of “no pain when seated” is the answer to the single question with the best diagnostic utility…