The first angiographic description of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) was provided in the 1950s by Ecker and Riemenschneider. and substantial contributions have been made in subsequent decades to the clinical and pathophysiologic understanding of this debilitating condition.…
The role of endovascular therapy in the treatment of neurologic disease has had a relatively short history. Since its initial introduction by Luessenhop and Spence in 1960, the technological improvements and subsequent indications for the use of endovascular techniques have…
Our knowledge of spinal vascular malformations has advanced significantly over the past several decades, and with this increased understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology of this diverse group of lesions has come the advent of new classification schemes accompanied by…
Introduction Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), also sometimes referred to as dural arteriovenous malformations, represent approximately 10% to 15% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations. These lesions are characterized by abnormal arteriovenous shunts located within dural leaflets. Cranial DAVFs are most commonly…
Acknowledgments The authors thank the staff of Neuroscience Publications at Barrow Neurological Institute for assistance with manuscript preparation. Hypervascular neoplasms of the central nervous system can be formidable surgical challenges associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with excessive intraoperative blood…
Introduction Ischemic stroke is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Carotid stenosis is the underlying pathology for 25% of an estimated 800,000 annual strokes. The prevalence of carotid disease is age dependent, with a…
Introduction Atherosclerosis and moyamoya disease (MMD) are the two most common forms of intracranial occlusive disease. In this chapter, we discuss endovascular options for the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) and MMD. Approximately 8% to 10% of ischemic strokes…
Significant advancements in the management and treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have been made over the last few years. Although surgical resection remains the most definitive treatment option in selected patients, both endovascular and radiosurgical techniques have been added…
Background According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO), stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is the third greatest contributor to lost disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. There are approximately 17 million strokes worldwide each…
Microsurgical clipping has been the historical definitive standard for treatment of intracranial aneurysms, though several factors may put a patient at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. These factors include the aneurysm’s size, location, and morphology; the patient’s age; and…