Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr. Hitoshi Ganaha and Dr. Tabiko Ganaha for critically reviewing this manuscript. Introduction Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a complex disease whose incidence has been increasing since 1990. , It is highly correlated with…
Conventions and Definitions CSF leaks are classified based on the location of observed fluid, rather than the location of fistula, such as rhinorrhea (from the nose) and otorrhea (from the ear). Transcranial CSF leaks fall into two major categories: traumatic…
Introduction Hydrocephalus is currently one of the most common conditions in neurosurgical practice. Hydrocephalus prevalence in childhood ranges from 0.5 to 1 per 1000 children. , In the adult population, the initial diagnosis is rather uncommon and incidence is approximately…
Most of the intracranial cystic lesions are related to neoplasms, bacterial or parasitic infections, or loss of tissue due to malformation, infarction, or injury, including that resulting from surgical resection of brain tissue. These topics are discussed in other chapters…
Introduction Neuroendoscopy for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathology has experienced a resurgence in popularity over the past 30 years. It is an alternative to open transcortical approaches to access intraventricular and periventricular pathology. In cases of hydrocephalus, it can be an…
Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by a pathologic dilatation of the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space due to an abnormal increment of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF volume). This condition can be secondary to a blockage in the regular…
Hydrocephalus, from the Greek word meaning “water in the head,” is a general term used to describe many conditions of fluid collected in the intracranial space. For the purposes of this chapter, we define hydrocephalus as an inappropriate amount of…
Hydrocephalus Definition The term hydrocephalus represents a condition defined as an imbalance between the production and absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), resulting in increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Ventricular dilation may or may not occur, because ventriculomegaly can be present…
Cranial sutures are essential components in the development of the skull. Nonfunctional sutures during the evolution of the cranial vault and the skull base lead to evolving deformities that may end in neurologic sequel. Although the term craniosynostosis was first…
Introduction A wide variety of congenital, developmental, and acquired abnormalities may affect the pediatric spine. The decision for surgical intervention must be tailored to the disease pathology as well as each patient’s clinical situation. Spinal instability may be iatrogenic or…