Summary of Key Points The minimally invasive spinal deformity 2 algorithm guides patient selection for a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedure or an open deformity correction operation. Meticulous preoperative assessment of the patient’s spinopelvic parameters and the amount of correction…
Summary of Key Points Rigid deformities require an osteotomy to rebalance the spine. Mild sagittal plane deformity with mobile discs can be treated with posterior column osteotomies. Severe, rigid sagittal and coronal plane deformities require three-column osteotomies to restore spinal…
Summary of Key Points The amount of lordosis gained from the anterior column release (ACR) procedure depends on the extent of bony removal, with the addition of the posterior column osteotomies allowing for placement of hyperlordotic grafts with maximal end…
Summary of Key Points There is significant variability in the surgical approaches to adult deformity. Advantages of anterior surgery include mobilization of the spine circumferentially, restoration of physiological lordosis, implementation of indirect decompression, and enhancement of fusion rates and loading…
Summary of Key Points Moderate to severe adult cervical deformity has a significant impact on disability and quality of life. Surgical correction of cervical spine deformities can be technically challenging, especially for rigid cases. Correction of adult cervical deformity improves…
Summary of Key Points Surgical correction of deformity in the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) can be challenging; anterior approaches, in particular, are complicated by the complex anatomy of this region. Anterior approaches to the CTJ require careful clinical and radiographic evaluation,…
Summary of Key Points Pediatric spinal deformity can be a complex condition involving and affecting other physiological systems along with the spine. Obtaining a thorough prenatal and perinatal history, performing a detailed examination, assessing for other associated conditions, and assessing…
Summary of Key Points Decision-making in complex spinal problems can be made easier by a systematic approach to the problems. “Problem, Goals, Tools, Plan” is one way to approach the problems. The primary driver of a good clinical outcome in…
Summary of Key Points Spinal deformity has many different causes and affects patients of all ages. Depending on the patient’s symptomatology and magnitude of deformity, surgical intervention may be necessary. Iatrogenic spinal deformities, such as lumbar flatback syndrome and proximal…
Summary of Key Points The sacroiliac (SI) joint is responsible for symptoms in up to 30% of patients presenting with lower back pain. SI joint pain symptoms include low back, buttock, and radiating lower extremity pain and can be easily…