Introduction In ischemic stroke coagulopathies are characterized by a condition in which blood is too quick to clot. Such coagulation abnormalities may be genetic or acquired. Coagulation abnormalities are identified as the cause of ischemic stroke in less than 1%…
Introduction Aortic dissection occurs in about 3–4 per 100,000 persons per year. A common clinical error is to equate aortic dissection with aneurysm. This misconception unfortunately has been propagated since the earliest descriptions of these diseases, describing a “Dissecting Aneurysm…
Acknowledgments We acknowledge Dr. David Liebeskind for assistance with the angiographic images of radiation vasculopathy. Introduction Radiation-induced arterial damage was described shortly after the advent of the X-ray by Roentgen in the late 1800s . In the setting of radiation…
As cancer and stroke are the second and fifth leading causes of mortality in the United States, it is not surprising to encounter a patient with these concomitant diagnoses . Various cerebrovascular disorders can occur within the oncological population, complicating…
Introduction Migraine headache is both a prevalent and potentially debilitating condition attributed to both environmental and hereditary factors. It is associated with significant comorbidities including depression, dysautonomia, cognitive dysfunction, vertigo, and stroke. Migraine accounts for approximately one-third of neurologic disease…
Acknowledgments Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants AG032958 and NS094758. Introduction Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous, neurotropic alphaherpesvirus. Primary infection usually causes varicella (chickenpox), after which virus becomes latent in cranial nerve, dorsal root, and…
Introduction Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, occlusive cerebrovascular disease with an unknown etiology. It is characterized by steno-occlusive changes at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA), and an abnormal vascular network at the base of the…
Fabry disease (FD), also known as angiokeratoma corporis diffusum , is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-gal). This defect causes the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in cells, including endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of…
Introduction Cerebrovascular diseases constitute the fourth leading cause of death in the United States annually and the third leading cause of mortality in developed countries . In addition, it is the number one cause of permanent disability globally and the…
Introduction Age constitutes one of the most important nonmodifiable risk factors for cerebral infarction. About 15% of all the ischemic strokes occur in young adults. Since stroke predominately affects the elderly, most of the data gathered in pivotal clinical trials…