General information Pilocarpine is an antagonist at acetylcholine receptors [ ]. While it is mainly used in the eye in the treatment of glaucoma, pilocarpine is occasionally used for other purposes, for example for treating salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia…
See also Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) General information Piketoprofen is an NSAID that has been used topically as the hydrochloride salt. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If…
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General information Picibanil (OK 432) is derived from Streptococcus pyogenes and has been used as a sclerosant in the treatment of cancers [ , ], lymphangiomas [ , ], benign neck cysts [ ], and lymphatic malformations [ ]. Low-grade…
See also Opioid receptor agonists General information Picenadol is a racemic mixture of an N-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine derivative. It has mixed opioid agonist–antagonist properties, because the dextrorotatory isomer is a potent opioid agonist and the levorotatory isomer is an opioid antagonist. Picenadol…
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General information Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring, polyphenolic, non-steroidal plant compounds that are structurally similar to 17β-estradiol and have estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic effects. These effects are mediated by binding to estrogen receptors, by alterations in the concentrations of endogenous estrogens, and…
See also Phenols General information Spermicides are produced in a variety of formulations, including gels, foams, creams, suppositories, pessaries, capsules, foaming tablets, and melting films. Spermicides are also used in conjunction with other methods, such as diaphragms, condoms, and sponges,…
General information Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) have been reviewed [ , ]. Most are composed of bland synthetic materials or contain in addition a small amount of metallic copper. Others are designed to release either progesterone or a synthetic progestogen…
General information Photochemotherapy, which consists of oral (and sometimes topical) administration of psoralens (the furocoumarins 5-methoxypsoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, and trioxysalen) plus long-wave ultraviolet radiation, known as PUVA, is a well-established effective treatment for psoriasis, which has also been used for vitiligo…