Key Points Psoriasis is common, affecting over 125 million worldwide. Comorbidities include diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death, lymphoma, autoimmune disorders, and renal disease. TNF signaling and the IL-23/Th17 pathways are critical in the pathogenesis of psoriasis,…
Key Points Neutrophilic dermatoses encompass a spectrum of diseases marked by cutaneous lesions that on histopathologic examination show intense inflammation composed primarily of mature neutrophils. Behçet’s disease is a neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by an immune-mediated occlusive vasculitis of small, medium,…
Key Points Vasculitic processes may be idiopathic or associated with infections, drugs, malignancies, or connective tissue diseases. Drugs and infections are the most common underlying etiologies in adults with cutaneous vasculitis (CV). IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) is the most frequent…
Key Points The range of conditions presenting as “hard skin” is broad, including those diseases that cause cutaneous sclerosis (increased connective tissue with normal or decreased fibroblasts) and those that cause cutaneous fibrosis (increased connective tissue and increased fibroblasts). The…
Key Points Classic dermatomyositis involves a proximal inflammatory myopathy with a characteristic cutaneous eruption. In patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis, skin disease is the prominent feature. Pathognomonic cutaneous findings of dermatomyositis include the heliotrope eruption and Gottron’s papules. In dermatomyositis,…
Key Points Lupus erythematosus is a multisystem disorder that frequently has cutaneous involvement Lupus-specific skin disease can be characterized as acute, subacute, or chronic based on clinical and laboratory features Other nonspecific cutaneous changes such as cutaneous vasculitis and Raynaud’s…
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Summary and Key Features Cosmeceuticals that inhibit tyrosinase activity, including polyphenols and genistein reduce pigmentation. Combinations of multiple growth factors and cytokines in single products have the most beneficial effect. More research is needed on the systemic effects of nanoparticles.…
Summary and Key Features Gene Arrays can simultaneously analyze the effect of a given “bioactive” compound on altering the expression of over 5000 skin specific genes Bioactive compounds that inhibit the expression of inflammatory genes often simultaneously stimulate the expression…
Summary and Key Features Many cosmeceutical myths are presented in the popular press, but dermatologists should be able to distinguish truth from myth for patients Hyoallergenic means reduced allergy, not no allergy All cosmeceuticals contain preservatives Natural ingredients are not…