Summary and Key Features Growth factors play a major role in skin repair and regeneration Topical application of growth factors alters expression of key extracellular matrix genes Clinical evidence shows increased collagen production and decreased facial fine lines and wrinkles…
Summary and Key Features Some topical antioxidants (especially vitamins C and E, ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and genestein) are effective in preventing UV damage to the skin (including sunburn, tanning, and skin cancer) and can reverse the appearance of wrinkles and…
Summary and Key Features Regenerative medicine involves stem cells and is typically defined as a process of replacing or regenerating human cells, tissues and organs in order to restore or re-establish normal function. Effective stem cell based cosmetics and cosmeceuticals…
Summary and Key Features Antiaging effects of cosmetic alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) have been demonstrated in rigorous clinical studies that have been published in peer-reviewed journals AHAs are commonly used as exfoliating agents, but their benefits are not limited to just…
Summary and Key Features Hyperpigmentation is a common skin problem that is particularly prevalent in middle-aged and elderly individuals that can detract from appearance and quality of life. Hydroquinone depigments skin by inhibiting the conversion of tyrosine to melanin by…
Summary and Key Features The stratum corneum is a dynamic structure that is continuously responding to a variety of daily exogenous factors that diminish its integrity and function The term ‘epidermal barrier’ is actually a collection of physiologic and homeostatic…
Summary and Key Features Metal ions have been used in topically applied skin care treatments for centuries While their use was initially based on empiricism, scientific data now explains many of the observed effects Well-established benefits for zinc include healing…
Summary and Key Features Dead sea magnesium salts have a variety of skin rejuvenating benefit Sea mud is used in facial masks and body wraps Brown algae contains antioxidants called phlorotannins Red algae mycosporine-like amino acids are natural photoprotectors Astaxanthin…
Summary and Key Features There are 1100 herbal ingredients used in topically applied products Secondary metabolites are small molecules from herbs that produce clinical activity Product development of herbal containing formulations is complex with less predictable functionality due to variations…
Summary and Key Features Many skin diseases are accompanied by abnormal skin barrier function Epidermal lipids are required for normal skin barrier function Physiologic lipids contribute to the pool of lipids delivered to the stratum corneum; nonphysiologic lipids do not…