Key Points Cutaneous xanthomas present as yellow papules, nodules, or plaques and can signal the presence of an underlying lipid, metabolic, or hematologic abnormality. Xanthelasma is the most common cutaneous xanthoma and can be seen in association with dyslipoproteinemia in…
Key Points When evaluating cysts and nodules of the head and neck, consider thyroglossal ductal cysts and thyroid carcinoma metastases. There are many syndromes associated with thyroid cancer with dermatologic manifestations (e.g., Cowden’s disease, multiple mucosal neuroma syndromes, Gardner’s syndrome,…
Key Points Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent, chronic, multisystem disease that affects the skin at some point of the disease in up to 70% of affected individuals. Although the etiology is often unknown, the pathogenesis of many cutaneous…
Key Points A variety of vascular lesions can serve as cutaneous signs of systemic disease. Telangiectasias or angiokeratomas with particular morphologies and distributions raise suspicion for an autoimmune connective tissue disease or a genetic disorder. Vascular anomalies are divided into…
Key Points Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a clonal neoplastic disorder. LCH represents a spectrum of disease from asymptomatic skin-limited self-resolving lesions to systemic multisystem disease with high mortality. The majority of LCH cases harbor the BRAF V600E mutation, suggesting…
Key Points The presence of a monoclonal gammopathy may be an incidental finding, but there are many cutaneous disorders that are due to or are strongly associated with the presence of a monoclonal gammopathy. A usual way to organize thinking…
Key Points Cutaneous lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of malignant lymphomas arising primarily in the skin. Most cutaneous lymphomas are listed as separate entities in the World Health Organization classification of hematologic malignancies. Differentiation of primary cutaneous lymphomas from extracutaneous…
Key Points Cutaneous metastases are not uncommon, and are usually a late finding with poor prognosis. Cutaneous metastases can be the first sign of an internal malignancy or of extranodal disease in a known malignancy. Breast cancer is the most…
Key Points Dermatologic adverse events (AEs) of cancer therapies can cause patient discomfort and impair their quality of life, increase the cost of medical care, and even result in dose modifications, all of which can negatively impact clinical outcomes. The…
Key Points Curth’s postulates provide a group of criteria that are helpful to determine whether a skin condition is likely to be related to an internal malignancy. Individual paraneoplastic skin conditions tend to be associated more frequently with certain types…