Key features ▪ Melanoma represents a malignant tumor that arises from melanocytes, and, due to its metastatic potential, leads to >90% of skin cancer deaths ▪ The incidence rates of melanoma have increased over the past four decades by five-…
Ephelides Synonym ▪ Freckles Key features ▪ Small, well-circumscribed, pigmented macules found only on sun-exposed skin of individuals with fair skin Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Ephelides are common in individuals with blond or red hair . They are not present at…
Key features ■ Terminology and classification of adnexal tumors has varied considerably according to different authorities ■ Adnexal neoplasms can differentiate toward the folliculosebaceous-apocrine unit or the eccrine apparatus ■ As a reflection of joint ontogeny, tumors often exhibit combinations…
Key features ▪ Multiple types of cutaneous cysts have been described ▪ Cutaneous cysts present as circumscribed dermal or subcutaneous papules or nodules ▪ Histologic features of the cyst lining and the anatomic location determine the type of cyst ▪…
The majority of entities in this chapter can be further classified according to the algorithm in Fig. 109.1 . Open full size image Fig. 109.1 Further classification of benign epidermal proliferations. Although the term solitary lichenoid keratosis is sometimes used,…
Synonyms ▪ Solar keratosis and senile keratosis are non-preferred synonyms for actinic keratosis (solar keratosis is abbreviated to SK, causing confusion with seborrheic keratosis) ▪ Bowen disease: squamous cell carcinoma in situ , intraepidermal carcinoma ▪ Basal cell epithelioma and…
Key features ▪ Oncogenes act in a dominant fashion and gain-of-function results in increased cellular proliferation ▪ Tumor suppressor genes act in a recessive fashion and loss of normal function results in uncontrolled growth ▪ TP53 , the gene that…
Introduction This chapter will cover several disorders of the skin vasculature, including livedo reticularis, flushing and erythromelalgia, as well as vascular ectasias such as telangiectasias and venous lakes. Some of the diseases described here are important skin signs of systemic…
Synonyms ■ Ulcer – wound, sore ■ Venous ulcer – ulcer due to venous insufficiency/venous hypertension ■ Arterial ulcer – ulcer due to atherosclerosis ■ Neuropathic ulcer – mal perforans ■ Livedoid vasculopathy – atrophie blanche, livedoid vasculitis ■ Pressure…
Synonyms ▪ Vascular birthmarks; mature angiomas [misnomer]; angiodysplasias ▪ Capillary malformation (CM): port-wine stain, nevus flammeus ▪ Venous malformation (VM): cavernous angioma [misnomer], cavernous hemangioma [misnomer], phlebectasia ▪ Lymphatic malformation (LM): lymphangioma, lymphangioma circumscriptum, lymphangioma simplex, cystic hygroma, cavernous lymphangioma…